Mitochondrial Cytopathy

The goal of this study type: clinical trial is to primary purpose: e.g., learn if intervention or health behavior can treat, prevent, diagnose etc. and improve the quality of life and reduce one-year mortality in palliative treatment of metastatic forms of colorectal cancer.. The main question[s] it aims to answer [is/are]:
1. Does the combination of sodium adenosine nucleonate and FOLFOX course affect chemotherapy efficacy and treatment adherence?
2. which of the assays can be considered a marker of the efficacy of the combination of sodium nucleonate and FOLFOX?
3. Effect of the combination of adenosine nucleonate sodium and FOLFOX on patient quality of life?
* If there is a comparison group:_ Researchers will compare [compare the two arms of the main arm 100 patients and the control arm 100 patients] to see if [insert effects].
Participants will [describe the main tasks participants will be asked to do, interventions they'll be given and use bullets if it is more than 2 items].
1. To evaluate the efficacy of palliative care with 4 courses of FOLFOX-based chemotherapy combined with sodium nucleonate for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in the main group.
2. In the control group in metastatic colorectal cancer to study the efficacy of 4 courses of stand-alone standard chemotherapy according to the FOLFOX scheme.
3. To examine the obtained results and compare the quality of life, dynamics of laboratory tests and overall survival in the main and control groups.
4. To evaluate the influence of quantitative and qualitative indices of mitochondrial activity in the blood of patients in the main and control groups.
5. To reveal the correlation between the dynamics of mitochondrial dysfunction, quality of life of patients, tolerance to toxic effects of chemotherapy, as well as the reduction of one-year mortality in patients with colorectal cancer.

The goal of this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial is to test the effect of 12 weeks of orally administered MitoQ (mitoquinol mesylate) supplementation on cognition in 50 people with early phase schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (E-SSD) who have mitochondrial dysfunction (called high risk, or HR). Cognitive impairments in SSD can cause significant disability. Yet, there are no effective treatments for cognitive impairments in SSD. It has been shown that alterations in a certain type of brain cell (parvalbumin interneurons, or PVI) underlie cognitive deficits in SSD. These PVI, which fire at a fast rate, utilize high amounts of energy from the mitochondria and are highly vulnerable to oxidative stress. MitoQ is an antioxidant. Research has shown that, in mice, MitoQ can reduce oxidative stress in the mitochondria. The main question that this clinical trial aims to answer is:
• Does MitoQ supplementation, compared to placebo, improve cognition in HR patients?
Secondary questions that this clinical trial aims to answer are the following: Does MitoQ supplementation, compared to placebo:
* Improve positive and negative symptoms of SSD in HR patients?
* Improve functioning in HR patients?
* Improve/normalize blood markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in HR patients?
The investigators will enroll 100 individuals with E-SSD. These enrolled participants will participate in an initial screening visit to determine if they qualify for the actual clinical trial. At the screening visit, the investigators will ask about psychiatric history to determine diagnosis; ask about medical history; do a physical exam; collect blood and urine samples; do a pregnancy test; and ask participants to bring in their current medications in their original packaging so it is known what they are taking.
After the screening visit, the investigators will invite 50 HR patients (identified with a blood test) to continue with the clinical trial. Participants who qualify for the clinical trial will be asked to:
* Take a supplement (MitoQ or placebo) once per day for 12 weeks in addition to their usual medications.
* Come in for a study visit every 4 weeks over the 16-week study period. At these study visits, the investigators will do a physical exam; ask about symptoms and side effects; take blood and urine samples; and ask questions about general health and well-being, quality of life, mental health, emotional health, and mood. At visits 1 (baseline) and 4 (12 weeks), participants will also take a cognitive assessment.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a validated treatment in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), improving exercise tolerance, quality of life and dyspnea. However, 20 to 30% of patients did not respond to PR and particularly those with chronic hypoxaemia. In most disabled patients, High Intensity Interval training (HIIT) is an alternative to perform exercise training with similar gain in exercise capacity than continuous exercise training. In patients with exercise-induced oxygen desaturation, the repetitions of hypoxia/resaturation phases during intermittent exercise could result in bursts of oxidative stress and induce positive or detrimental effect on mitochondrial function according to the importance in the oxidant stimulus.
Few data have ascertained the benefit of HIIT on mitochondrial oxidative capacity (Vmax) in healthy subjects compared to continuous exercise training but no data are available in COPD patients with exercise-induced desaturation, and the change in oxidative stress in such training regimen.
The investigators hypothesize that the repetitive bursts of oxidative stress and the improved antioxidant capacity in the course of the training sessions would stimulate mitochondrial adaptations to a larger extent after HIIT than continuous exercise training in severe COPD patients with hypoxemia. Moreover, they will assess the relationship between the change in oxidative stress in blood and in muscle. The clinical relevance of this study will be to ascertain the benefit and the safety of HITT in this subgroup of COPD patients in whom benefit of PR is often weak.