Direct comparison of anti-inflammatory effects of 14-, 15-, and 16-membered macrolide antibiotics in experimental inflammation model induced by carrageenan in rats.

Article

Author: Hara, R ; Matsumoto, K ; Hori, S ; Enoki, Y ; Taguchi, K ; Chuang, V T G ; Iketani, O ; Ogino, H ; Kizu, J

Some macrolide antibiotics, which share a basic lactone ring structure, also exhibit anti-inflammatory actions in addition to their antibacterial activities. However, no study has directly compared anti-inflammatory effects on acute inflammation among macrolide antibiotics with the distinct size of the lactone ring. In this study, we evaluated and compared the anti-inflammatory activities of four 14-membered macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, oleandomycin), one 15-membered macrolide (azithromycin), and three 16-membered macrolides (midecamycin, josamycin, leucomycin) using a rat carrageenan-induced footpad edema model. All macrolide antibiotics were intraperitoneally administered to rats one hour before the induction of inflammatory edema with 1% λ -carrageenan. The anti-inflammatory effects on acute inflammation were evaluated by changing the edema volume. All 14-membered and 15-membered macrolide antibiotics significantly suppressed the development of edema. Conversely, none of the 16-membered macrolide antibiotics inhibited the growth of edema. In conclusion, compared to 16-membered macrolide antibiotics, 14-membered and 15-membered macrolide antibiotics have stronger anti-inflammatory effects. Further research should be done to determine why different lactone ring sizes should have distinct anti-inflammatory effects.

01 Apr 2024·Science of The Total Environment

Occurrence, removal efficiency, and emission of antibiotics in the sewage treatment plants of a low-urbanized basin in China and their impact on the receiving water

Article

Author: Lin, Chunye ; Lian, Maoshan ; Ouyang, Wei ; Liu, Xitao ; Wang, Jing ; He, Mengchang ; Li, Yun

Sewage treatment plants (STPs) are primary sources of antibiotics in aquatic environments. However, limited research has been conducted on antibiotic attenuation in STPs and their downstream waters in low-urbanized areas. This study analyzed 15 antibiotics in the STP sewage and river water in the Zijiang River basin to quantify antibiotic transport and attenuation in the STPs and downstream. The results showed that 14 target antibiotics, except leucomycin, were detected in the STP sewage, dominated by amoxicillin (AMOX), ofloxacin, and roxithromycin. The total antibiotic concentration in the influent and effluent ranged from 158 to 1025 ng/L and 99.9 to 411 ng/L, respectively. The removal efficiency of total antibiotics ranged from 54.7 % to 75.7 % and was significantly correlated with total antibiotic concentration in the influent. The antibiotic emission from STPs into rivers was 78 kg/yr and 4.6 g/km²yr in the Zijiang River basin. The total antibiotic concentration downstream of the STP downstream was 23.6 to 213 ng/L and was significantly negatively correlated with the transport distance away from the STP outlets. Antibiotics may pose a high ecological risk to algae and low ecological risk to fish in the basin. The risk of AMOX and ciprofloxacin resistance for organisms in the basin was estimated to be moderate. This study established antibiotic removal and attenuation models in STPs and their downstream regions in a low-urbanized basin, which is important for simulating antibiotic transport in STPs and rivers worldwide.

08 Sep 2023·Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue

[Pollution Characteristics of Macrolide Antibiotics During Drinking Water Treatment and Their Chlorination Reaction Mechanism].

Article

Author: Yang, Bin ; Xie, Zhuo-Hong ; Shi, Zong-Min ; Cheng, Si-Yu ; Ying, Guang-Guo ; Cen, Xia ; Zhang, Ling-Ling

Antibiotic contamination in drinking water has attracted widespread attention. The pollution condition of six macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin-H₂[KG-*2/5]O, clarithromycin, oleandomycin, roxithromycin, leucomycin, and tylosin) in two drinking water treatment plants was monitored, and the reaction mechanism of tylosin, a typical macrolide antibiotic, during chlorination disinfection treatment was investigated. The results showed that the six macrolide antibiotics can be widely detected in the drinking water treatment processes; however, their concentrations were generally very low. The concentrations of macrolide antibiotics in the influents and effluents ranged from 0.18 ng·L^-1 to 3.97 ng·L^-1 and 0.02 ng·L^-1 to 1.91 ng·L^-1, respectively. The removal rates of the six macrolides in the drinking water treatment were different, ranging from 18% (oleandomycin) to 100% (erythromycin- H₂[KG-*2/5]O). The degradation of the six macrolides during chlorination was slow and greatly affected by water quality parameters. The chlorination degradation of tylosin followed the second-order reaction kinetic mode, with the kinetic rate constant of 0.77 L·(mol·s)^-1 at pH 7.0. Nine chlorination degradation products of tylosin were detected, and the reaction pathways primarily included tertiary amine hydroxylation, aromatic oxidation, and epoxy addition.

100 Deals associated with Kitasamycin

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D02269	Kitasamycin	-	DB09309

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Acne Vulgaris	China	-	-
Diphtheria	China	-	-
Gonorrhea	China	-	-
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections	China	-	-
Legionnaires' Disease	China	-	-
Respiratory Tract Infections	China	-	-
Scarlet Fever	China	-	-
Streptococcal Infections	China	-	-
Whooping Cough	China	-	-

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