An 24-month prospective epidemiological investigation on the results of China-mode Hepatitis A attenuated live vaccine against hepatitis A by random group sampling was carried out. The incidence of case group was 15.91/10(5) (5/31421), the incidence of control group was 95.92/10(5) (30/ 31277) which showed a significant difference. In case group 2081 persons who missed vaccination, there was one person developed hepatitis A, making the incidence 48.05/10(5). In control group 760 persons were vaccinated by mistake and there was no case developed in this sub-population. There were 644 cases of hepatitis A in the external control group, the incidence was 90.14/10(5). Data showed that there was no significant difference among external control group, control group and persons from case group who missed vaccination. Comparing the data from case group and from the above 3 groups, the protective rates were 82.35%, 83.41% and 66.89%. respectively. When conparing the data from persons who had been mistakenly vaccinated in control group, there was no significant difference being noticed.