BACKGROUNDCombined hepatitis A and typhoid vaccines have been widely used globally and proven to be safe, well tolerated and efficacious in adults. The combined hepatitis A and typhoid vaccine (Vivaxim) available in Australia is licenced for use from age 16 years but the monovalent components are approved for use from age 2 years. Advantages of a single injection have led to widespread 'off-label' use of Vivaxim in children. This study aimed to investigate the tolerability of Vivaxim in children aged 2-16 years.METHODSA prospective observational study was conducted at Travel Medicine Alliance clinics across Australia. Children who required vaccination for both hepatitis A and typhoid were offered the option of receiving Vivaxim. Parents were contacted 3 days post-vaccination and asked to respond to a questionnaire on adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). Reactions to Vivaxim were compared with reported reactions to the monovalent vaccines.RESULTSOur study included 425 children who received Vivaxim, including 189 (44.5%) who received other vaccines on the same day. No serious AEFIs were reported, and 26.8% did not experience any side effects. In children who did not receive other vaccines in the same arm as Vivaxim (n = 325), most common local reactions were sore arm (70.5%), redness (16.0%) and swelling (11.1%). Reports of local AEFIs in our subjects was significantly more common than those reported for the individual monovalent vaccines. In children who did not receive other vaccines on the same day (n = 236), the most common systemic reactions were tiredness/lethargy/malaise (5.9%), headache (4.2%), fever (3.4%) and sore muscles and joints (3.4%). Fever was more common in children aged <6 years. Less than 5% of children reported missing school, sport or other regular activities.CONCLUSIONSVivaxim was well tolerated in children aged 2-16 years. Parents should be advised about AEFIs to Vivaxim so that they can make informed decisions about vaccination options.

01 May 2006·VaccineQ3 · MEDICINE

Interchangeability of Hepatitis A boosters, Avaxim® and Vaqta®, in healthy adults following a primary dose of the combined typhoid/Hepatitis A vaccine Viatim®

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Thomas, S. ; Watson, M. ; Goullet, F. ; Ekwall, E. ; Boisnard, F. ; Ulgemo, A.

This study investigated the suitability of Avaxim and Vaqta as Hepatitis A booster vaccines 6 months after priming with the combined Hepatitis A/typhoid vaccine, Viatim. One hundred and twenty adults were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. Group A (reference group) received Avaxim then Avaxim (n = 40), Group B received Viatim then Avaxim (n = 41) and Group C received Viatim then Vaqta (n = 39). One month after booster vaccination, anti-Hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) antibodies geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of subjects primed with Viatim were non-inferior to the group primed and boosted with the monovalent Hepatitis A vaccine Avaxim. Anti-Salmonella typhi capsular polysaccharide virulence antigen (anti-Vi) GMCs in groups primed with Viatim were protective and all vaccines were well-tolerated. Therefore, Viatim may be used as a primary HAV vaccine with either Avaxim or Vaqta as Hepatitis A boosters and it will provide the same protection as two doses of Avaxim.

01 Nov 2004·VaccineQ3 · MEDICINE

Comparison of two combined vaccines against typhoid fever and hepatitis A in healthy adults*

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Paul D. Clarke ; Nicholas R. E. Kitchin ; Jackie Pirmohamed ; Keith Veitch ; Nicholas J. Beeching ; Françoise Weber

A prospective, randomised, observer-blind, comparative study was performed in healthy adults with a new hepatitis A/typhoid combined vaccine, Viatim, and the marketed Hepatyrix vaccine. Both vaccines induced high levels of protective antibodies, but typhoid responses were higher and hepatitis A responses more rapid with Viatim compared with Hepatyrix. Both vaccines were well tolerated, no serious adverse events (SAEs) occurred, but more Viatim vaccinees had more mild or moderate local reactions (82.7%) than Hepatyrix (53.1%, p < 0.001). In this direct comparison Viatim induced more local reactions, but elicited a more rapid and higher immune response to both antigens than Hepatyrix.

100 Deals associated with Hepatitis A-typhoid vaccine(Sanofi Pasteur)

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Hepatitis A	AU	Sanofi-Aventis Australia Pty Ltd.	24 Sep 2002
Typhoid Fever	AU	Sanofi-Aventis Australia Pty Ltd.	24 Sep 2002

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