Lanoteplase

We report a novel mechanism in adventitious root formation, where a non-canonical auxin response factor, RpARF12, uniquely integrates continuous light (CL) signals with auxin pathways to regulate adventitious root formation in Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust). Unlike typical ARFs, the RpARF12 lacks the C-terminal dimerization (CTD) domain, suggesting its function through auxin-independent regulatory pathways. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that RpARF12 expression is significantly induced by CL and plays a crucial role in adventitious root formation under these conditions. Heterologous transformation of RpARF12 into model plants, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, and Populus alba × P. glandulosa (poplar 84K), significantly promoted adventitious root formation, particularly under CL. Additionally, the application of exogenous auxin further increased the number and length of roots in RpARF12-overexpressed A. thaliana plants under CL by 1.60 and 1.37 times, respectively, compared to wild-type plants. The auxin polar transport inhibitor NPA decreased root formation in the RpARF12-overexpressed A. thaliana plants under CL conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory role of photoperiod, specifically CL, on adventitious root formation and highlights the important role of RpARF12 in this process.

Bisphenol A (BPA), a widespread industrial chemical, significantly inhibits root elongation, reducing it by 2%, 32%, and 64% at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40 µM, respectively. This study delves into the interplay between ethylene and auxin in mediating BPA-induced primary root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, ethylene modulates BPA sensitivity, as evidenced by reduced inhibition in ethylene-insensitive mutants (etr1-1, etr1-3, ein2-1) and heightened sensitivity in ethylene-overproducing lines (eto1-1, ctr1-1). Ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors (AVG, CoCl2) significantly decreased BPA-induced root inhibition. Treated plants showed increased expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes (ACS2, ACS6, ACS8, ACO1, ACO2). Auxin involvement was evident as aux1-7 mutants showed reduced sensitivity, and NPA (an auxin transport inhibitor) improved root growth. BPA and ACC treatments elevated DR5 and EBS activity, indicating enhanced ethylene and auxin signaling. AVG or NPA effects on DR5 activity under BPA stress revealed that ethylene modulates auxin accumulation and distribution. The study suggests that ethylene regulates BPA-mediated root inhibition by influencing AUX1 expression and auxin distribution, offering new insights into the interaction between ethylene, auxin, and BPA in plant growth.