This study investigated the hypoglycemic efficacy and mechanism of action (with a focus on gut microbiota) of combined sericin-mulberry leaf alkaloid (MLA) therapy in type 2 diabetic mice, comparing it with monotherapy regimens. Male diabetic (DB/DB) and non-diabetic (DB/m) mice were used, with five treatment groups designed: Diabetic Model (diabetic + saline), Ser (diabetic + 2.4 g/kg/day sericin), MLE (diabetic + 200 mg/kg/day MLA), Ser+MLE (diabetic + 1.2 g/kg/day sericin + 100 mg/kg/day MLA), and Control (DB/m + saline). Treatment lasted 35 days. Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured before and after treatment. Venous serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were detected using an automated biochemical analyzer. Histological evaluation included liver and kidney morphology (HE staining), hepatic glycogen (PAS staining), and hepatic α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, immunohistochemical staining). Fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA gut microbiota analysis. Experimental results showed that compared with the control group, diabetic mice exhibited increased body weight (↑20.8 %, P < 0.05), elevated fasting blood glucose (↑434 %, P < 0.05), and significantly increased serum liver enzyme levels (ALT↑387 %, AST↑91.4 %, ALP↑56.9 %, all P < 0.05), accompanied by significant gut dysbiosis in the Diabetic Model group. After treatment, all groups exhibited significant reductions in weight gain, fasting blood glucose, and liver enzyme levels (all P < 0.05); sericin, MLE, and the sericin+MLE combination also modulated functional abundance of gut microbiota. In summary, the combined treatment of sericin and MLA demonstrated superior hypoglycemic and organ-protective effects compared to monotherapy, potentially achieved through restoration of gut microbiota homeostasis and enhanced metabolism.