Recent studies show that necrotic neuronal cells (NNC) activate microglia, thereby leading to neuronal cell death. This suggests that chemicals that inhibit microglia activation may be used as neuroprotective drugs. In this context, we screened a chemical library for inhibitors of microglia activation. Using a screening system based on a nitrite assay, we isolated two chemicals that inhibit nitric oxide (NO) release from activated microglia: triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and amcinonide. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of TA and amcinonide for NO release inhibition were 1.78 nM and 3.38 nM, respectively. These chemicals also inhibited NNC-induced expression of the proinflammatory genes iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β in glial cells. A study based on a luciferase assay revealed that TA attenuated NNC-induced microglia activation by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, TA protected cortical neurons in coculture with microglia from LPS/IFN-γ-induced neuronal cell death. In conclusion, TA may inhibit microglia activation and may protect neuronal cells from death induced by microglial activation.

01 Jan 2009·JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen GesellschaftQ3 · MEDICINE

Contact allergy to topical corticosteroids – results from the IVDK and epidemiological risk assessment

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Holger Lessmann ; Wolfgang Uter ; Axel Schnuch ; Cristiane Menezes de Pádua ; Katrin Nink ; Annette Pfahlberg

SummaryBackground: Contact allergy (CA) to topical corticosteroids (CS) is relatively rare; however, current data from Germany are not available. Furthermore, valid risk assessment needs to take into account of the actual exposure to CS in the population.Patients and Methods: The reaction profile of 9 CS included in a “CS test battery” of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) in patients seen in German clinics belonging to the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK; http://www.ivdk.org) between 01/1995 and 12/2004 was analyzed. Applying the “Clinical Epidemiology/Drug Utilization Research” approach, annual incidences of CA to CS in Germany were extrapolated. These estimates were used as numerator for a relative incidence (RI) estimate which used exposure in terms of “defined daily doses” (DDD) to the respective CS as denominator, the latter information collected by the AOK Research Institute (WIdO).Results: On average, 7.4% of all patients were patch tested with the CS series, mostly yielding < 1% positive reactions. Exceptions included hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate (1.5%), amcinonide (1.6%) and budesonide (2.6%). With a RI of 10.7, 23.6 and 4.9 per 100 000 DDD, respectively, the three CS mentioned classify as moderate topical drug allergens. Clobetasol 17‐propionate and triamcinolone acetonide both yielded a RI of 1.4/100 000 DDD, indicating low sensitization risk. For hydrocortisone, betamethasone, prednisolone and dexamethasone (RI < 1/100 000 DDD) the risk of sensitization appears minute.Conclusions: The results support and extend previous evidence on the CA risk of CS, adding to a therapeutic index and risk assessment.

01 Aug 2008·Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug SafetyQ4 · MEDICINE

Allergic contact dermatitis to topical drugs—epidemiological risk assessment

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: A. Schnuch ; A. Pfahlberg ; C. A. Menezes de Pádua ; W. Uter ; K. Nink

AbstractPurposeEstimation of the population‐based relative incidence (RI) of contact sensitization to a set of topical drug allergens (cases/100 000 defined daily doses (DDDs) per year) (1995–2004) and comparison of the RI for drugs with a similar therapeutic scope.MethodsClinical data regarding the frequency of contact sensitization to important topical drug allergens in Germany were obtained from the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK). This was extrapolated to the general population level using the ‘clinical epidemiology and drug utilization research’ (CE‐DUR) approach. As denominator of exposure, national prescription data (DDDs of topical drug specialties) provided by the WIdO Research Institute (Bonn) were aggregated per substance.ResultsThe probable RIs of contact sensitization to topical ‘skin’ corticosteroids ranged from 0.3 (dexamethasone phosphate disodium salt) to 23.3 (amcinonide) cases/100 000 DDDs per year. Concerning topical aminoglycoside antibiotics, the RI of framycetin sulphate was about threefold higher than that of gentamicin sulphate. Regarding topical ophthalmic use, the RI of kanamycin sulphate was higher compared to gentamicin sulphate. Active principles marketed over‐the‐counter (OTC) had, in general, lower RIs, with the exception of bufexamac, benzocaine, clioquinol and phenylephrine.ConclusionsThe population‐based risk assessment—quantitatively considering exposure in the RI estimation—revealed a ranking of contact sensitization risk to topical drugs which partly differed from the respective frequencies in the clinical patch test population. Some drugs available OTC carry non‐negligible risk, too. The current findings should contribute to differential therapeutic considerations regarding topical drug use. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

100 Deals associated with Amcinonide

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01387	Amcinonide	D07AC11	DB00288

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10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Alopecia Areata	JP	Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.	07 Dec 1981
Eczema	JP	Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.	07 Dec 1981
Erythrodermic psoriasis	JP	Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.	07 Dec 1981
Impetigo	JP	Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.	07 Dec 1981
Lichen Planus	JP	Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.	07 Dec 1981
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	JP	Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.	07 Dec 1981

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