Adenosine Triphosphate Disodium Hydrate

Construction of hierarchical architecture with suitable band alignment for graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) played a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency of photocatalysts. In this study, a novel attapulgite-intercalated g-C₃N₄/ZnIn₂S₄ nanocomposite material (ZIS/CN/ATP, abbreviated as ZCA) was successfully synthesized using the freeze-drying technique, thermal polymerization, and a simple low-temperature hydrothermal method. Attapulgite (ATP) was intercalated into g-C₃N₄ to effectively regulate its interlayer structure. The results reveal a substantial enlargement of its internal space, thereby facilitating the provision of additional active sites for improved dispersibility of ZnIn₂S₄. Notably, the optimized photocatalyst, comprising a mass ratio of ATP, g-C₃N₄, and ZnIn₂S₄ at 1:1:2.5 respectively, achieves an outstanding hydrogen evolution rate of 3906.15 μmol g^-1h^-1, without the need for a Pt co-catalyst. This rate surpasses that of pristine g-C₃N₄ by a factor of 475 and ZnIn₂S₄ by a factor of 5, representing a significant improvement in performance. This significant enhancement can be primarily attributed to the higher specific surface area, richer active sites, broadened light response range, and efficient interfacial charge transfer channels of the ZCA composite photocatalyst. Furthermore, the Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism for the sandwich-like layered structure heterojunction was thoroughly investigated using diverse characterization techniques. This work offers new insights for enhancing photocatalytic performance through the expanded utilization of natural minerals, paving the way for future advancements in this field.

Patients with relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors (GCT) have limited treatment options and poor survival outcomes. We describe our institutional experience with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and cisplatin (ATP) as an outpatient regimen for 35 patients with relapsed/refractory GCT between 2017 and 2022. Twenty-four patients received nonpalliative intent ATP, with a median of 2 lines of prior therapy, 23 (96%) having received at least 1 cisplatin-based regimen and 1 (4%) with a prior stem cell transplant. The objective response rate for the nonpalliative intent cohort was 37.5% (1 complete response and 8 partial responses). Post-ATP, 12 patients underwent stem cell transplant, 7 patients had surgical resections, and 4 patients received radiation. The median PFS was 4.3 months (95% CI: 3.8, 32.7) and median OS of 13.1 months (95% CI: 10.7, NA) for the nonpalliative intent cohort. Eleven patients received palliative intent ATP, with a median of 4 lines of prior therapy, all having received at least 1 cisplatin-based regimen, and 7 (64%) having received prior stem cell transplants. Within the palliative intent cohort, the objective response rate was 9% (1 partial response). Patients who received palliative intent ATP had a median PFS of 0.92 months (95% CI 0.46, NA) and median OS of 5.2 months (95% CI 3.3, NA). Treatment toxicities occurred in 5 (14%) patients who required dose reductions and 5 (14%) patients who were admitted for treatment related toxicities, most commonly for myelosuppression. Our results support the use of ATP in a primarily anthracycline naïve patient population and show the safety of continued cisplatin use in patients who have previously received cisplatin-based regimens. Therefore, ATP is a feasible and well tolerated chemotherapy regimen in the salvage setting and can serve as a bridge to other treatments for patients with relapsed/refractory GCT.