Author: Wang, Sihong ; Zhang, Chaoran ; Jiang, Qu ; Song, Fang ; Feng, Ruohan ; Gu, Yichuan ; Sheng, Ziyang ; Zhang, Haoyue ; Xu, Qianqing ; Yuan, Zijian

AbstractStructural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood. Here, we report that CO2 accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu2O to Cu@CuxO composites, ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic performances. The CO2-rich atmosphere favors reconstruction for CO2RR, whereas the CO2-deficient one prefers that for hydrogen evolution reaction. With the assistance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations, we uncover a CO2-induced passivation behavior by identifying a reduction-resistant but catalytic active Cu(I)-rich amorphous layer stabilized by *CO intermediates. Additionally, we find extra CO production is indispensable for the robust production of C2H4. An inverse correlation between durability and FECO/FEC2H4 is disclosed, suggesting that the self-stabilization process involving the absorption of *CO intermediates on Cu(I) sites is essential for durable electrolysis. Guided by this insight, we design hollow Cu2O nanospheres for durable and selective CO2RR electrolysis in producing C2H4. Our work recognizes the previously overlooked passivation reconstruction and self-stabilizing behavior and highlights the critical role of the local atmosphere in modulating reconstruction and catalytic processes.

01 Sep 2025·Talanta

An electrochemical quinine detection approach based on small molecule promoted split aptamer click ligation reaction

Article

Author: Cui, Susu ; Luo, Xuan ; Yu, Yongsheng ; Yang, Weiwei

Quinine is a natural antimalarial drug that also serves as a food additive; however, excessive consumption can result in harmful side effects. Here, we propose a simple and cost-effective electrochemical strategy for quinine detection based on the small molecule-templated split aptamer click ligation (SMT-SpA-CLR), where the integrity of the aptamer is restored through the template-promoted proximity effect. We first investigate the effects of two splitting sites on the affinity of quinine aptamer and find that the loop of the stem with more Watson-Crick base pairs is more suitable for splitting, which can maintain the affinity to a great extent. The affinity of the Split 1 design (K_d = 48 μM) is slightly reduced compared to the affinity of the parent aptamer. The stable quinine recognition and its sensitive detection are achieved by integrating the SMT-SpA-CLR with an electrochemical signal output. The linear response range for quinine detection is from 0.05 μM to 10 μM with a low detection limit of 25 nM (at S/N = 3). This strategy provides a novel ideal for the design of small molecule-templated split aptamer reaction and can potentially be expanded for detecting other small molecules and proteins.

01 Sep 2025·Talanta

A simple manually rotated paper-based analytical device with electrochemical sensors for the determination of nitrite and nitrate

Article

Author: Kusonpan, Preeya ; Chailapakul, Orawon ; Ortner, Astrid ; Samphao, Anchalee ; Kalcher, Kurt ; Kunpatee, Kanjana ; Chaiyo, Sudkate

A user-friendly, rotational paper-based device integrating electrochemical sensors is presented. This innovative device accurately determines nitrite and nitrate ions. Its circular design facilitates the simultaneous detection of both ions. The rotational analytical platform consists of a paper disc that accommodates samples introduced via plastic pipettes. The front side of the disc contains the electrochemical sensors, while the back features a pattern for sample loading. These sensors are specifically designed to detect nitrite and nitrate ions in the sample. Nitrite is determined directly at a working potential of +0.6 V, whereas nitrate is measured after its reduction to nitrite using zinc dust. Moreover, the sensing electrodes are screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with N-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) and copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) to enhance sensitivity for nitrite oxidation. This simple device provides a linear range of 50-1000 μM for the simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate ions, with detection limits of 10.0 and 20.0 μM, respectively. Furthermore, a manually rotated acrylic plate is employed during sample preparation to facilitate the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. The analytical protocol has been successfully applied to meat samples, and this integrated, portable device shows great potential for rapid, on-site determination of nitrite and nitrate ions in food samples.

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