Purpose of reviewThe successes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines have accelerated the development of mRNA vaccines against other respiratory pathogens. The aim of this review is to highlight COVID-19 mRNA vaccine advances and provide an update on the progress of mRNA vaccine development against other respiratory pathogens.Recent findingsThe COVID-19 mRNA vaccines demonstrated effectiveness in preventing severe COVID-19 and death. H7N9 and H10N8 avian influenza mRNA vaccines have demonstrated safety and immunogenicity in phase 1 clinical trials. Numerous seasonal influenza mRNA vaccines are in phase 1–3 clinical trials. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mRNA vaccines have progressed to phase 2–3 clinical trials in adults and a phase 1 clinical trial in children. A combined human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza-3 mRNA vaccines was found to be well tolerated and immunogenic in a phase 1 trial among adults and trials are being conducted among children. Clinical trials of mRNA vaccines combining antigens from multiple respiratory viruses are underway.SummaryThe development of mRNA vaccines against respiratory viruses has progressed rapidly in recent years. Promising vaccine candidates are moving through the clinical development pathway to test their efficacy in preventing disease against respiratory viral pathogens.

01 Jun 2023·PLoS pathogens

Live-attenuated pediatric parainfluenza vaccine expressing 6P-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is protective against SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters.

Article

Author: Liu, Xueqiao ; Moore, Ian N ; Garza, Nicole L ; Luongo, Cindy ; Le Nouën, Cyril ; Matsuoka, Yumiko ; Best, Sonja M ; Santos, Celia ; Yang, Lijuan ; Johnson, Reed F ; Lusso, Paolo ; Park, Hong-Su ; Buchholz, Ursula J ; Zhang, Peng

The pediatric live-attenuated bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (B/HPIV3)-vectored vaccine expressing the prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (B/HPIV3/S-2P) was previously evaluated in vitro and in hamsters. To improve its immunogenicity, we generated B/HPIV3/S-6P, expressing S further stabilized with 6 proline mutations (S-6P). Intranasal immunization of hamsters with B/HPIV3/S-6P reproducibly elicited significantly higher serum anti-S IgA/IgG titers than B/HPIV3/S-2P; hamster sera efficiently neutralized variants of concern (VoCs), including Omicron variants. B/HPIV3/S-2P and B/HPIV3/S-6P immunization protected hamsters against weight loss and lung inflammation following SARS-CoV-2 challenge with the vaccine-matched strain WA1/2020 or VoCs B.1.1.7/Alpha or B.1.351/Beta and induced near-sterilizing immunity. Three weeks post-challenge, B/HPIV3/S-2P- and B/HPIV3/S-6P-immunized hamsters exhibited a robust anamnestic serum antibody response with increased neutralizing potency to VoCs, including Omicron sublineages. B/HPIV3/S-6P primed for stronger anamnestic antibody responses after challenge with WA1/2020 than B/HPIV3/S-2P. B/HPIV3/S-6P will be evaluated as an intranasal vaccine to protect infants against both HPIV3 and SARS-CoV-2.

01 Jan 2016·Journal of Veterinary Internal MedicineQ2 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

Adenovirus 2,Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Parainfluenza Molecular Diagnostic Assay Results in Puppies After vaccination with Modified Live Vaccines

Q2 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

ArticleOA

Author: Lappin, M.R. ; Moroff, S. ; Ruch‐Gallie, R.

BackgroundCanine adenovirus 2, parainfluenza, andBordetella bronchisepticacause respiratory disease in dogs, and each has a modified live intranasal vaccine available. Molecular diagnostic assays to amplify specific nucleic acids are available for each of these agents. If positive molecular diagnostic assay results are common after vaccination, the positive predictive value of the diagnostic assays for disease would be decreased.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of administration of commercially available modified live topical adenovirus 2,B. bronchiseptica, and parainfluenza vaccine has on the results of a commercially availablePCRpanel.AnimalsEight puppies from a research breeding facility negative for these pathogens.MethodsBlinded prospective pilot study. Puppies were vaccinated with a single dose of modified live topical adenovirus 2,B. bronchiseptica, and parainfluenza and parenteral dose of adenovirus 2, canine distemper virus, and parvovirus. Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were collected on multiple days and submitted forPCRassay.ResultsNucleic acids of all 3 organisms contained in the topical vaccine were detected from both samples multiple times through 28 days after vaccination with higher numbers of positive samples detected between days 3 and 10 after vaccination.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVaccine status should be considered when interpreting respiratory agentPCRresults if modified live vaccines have been used. Development of quantitativePCRand wild‐type sequencing are necessary to improve positive predictive value of these assays by distinguishing vaccinate from natural infection.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Paramyxoviridae Infections	Discovery	US	Uvaxbio	06 Dec 2023

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