B9-scFv

A panel of recombinant human antibodies to orthopoxviruses was isolated from a combinatorial phage display library of human scFv antibodies constructed from the Vh and Vl genes cloned from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of Vaccinia virus (VACV) immune donors. Plaque-reduction neutralization tests showed that seven selected phage-displaying scFv antibodies (pdAbs) neutralized both CPXV and VACV, and five of them neutralized Monkeypox virus (MPXV). Western blot analysis of VACV and CPXV proteins demonstrated that seven neutralizing antibodies recognized a 35 kDa protein. To identify this target protein, we produced a recombinant J3L protein of CPXV and showed that all the selected neutralizing antibodies recognized this protein. Neutralizing pdAb b9 was converted into fully human mAb b9 (fh b9), and scFv b9 displayed high binding affinities (K(d) of 0.7 and 3.2 nM). The fh b9 reduced VACV plaque formation in a dose-dependent manner.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9B9 to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) demonstrates selective accumulation in lung tissue of the rat, hamster, cat, monkey and human after systemic injection. It has also been demonstrated that mAb 9B9 is the useful tool for targeting therapeutic agents or genes to lung endothelium. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of a single-chain derivative (scFv) of mAb9B9 (scFv 9B9). In vitro, scFv9B9 retains the ability of the parental antibody to recognize human and rat ACE when expressed both on the surface of phage and as a soluble protein in prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. The ability of scFv 9B9 presented by phage or the soluble protein labeled with I(125) to recognize ACE in the pulmonary circulation was also confirmed in an in vivo rat model. Sequence analysis revealed a putative glycosylation site in close proximity to the complementarity determining region 2 (CDR2) of the scFv 9B9 heavy chain. Mutation of Asn68 to Gln in the heavy chain of scFv 9B9 eliminated the glycosylation site and significantly improved the binding affinity of scFv 9B9 to human ACE as determined by cell ELISA and Western Blot. Moreover, Asn68Gln scFv 9B9 showed a greater rate of secretion at 30°C than wild type scFv 9B9, but had a decreased thermal stability at 37°C. The development of a stable and functional single-chain format of mAb 9B9 which specifically recognizes human and rat ACE represents a novel antibody-based reagent suitable for targeted delivery of drugs/genes to the pulmonary circulation.