The development of a novel multifunctional adsorbent for the sensitive detection and capture of antibiotic residues in environmental and food samples presents a significant challenge. In this study, we synthesized a pioneering nanocomposite, ILs@PC, by encapsulating task-specific ionic liquids (ILs) within nitrogen-doped porous carbon (PC) derived from metal-triazolate frameworks. This ILs@PC nanocomposite functions as a multifunctional adsorbent in dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE), enabling simultaneous sorptive removal, sensitive detection, and molecular sieve selection. The ILs@PC demonstrated enhanced adsorption efficiency and sensitivity for sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) compared to the pristine PC, attributed to the nanoconfinement effect of the ILs and the influence of pore volume on this effect. When integrated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the ILs@PC-based DSPE method achieved a detection limit of 0.75-1.88 μg L^-1 for SAs, along with satisfactory recoveries of 86.0 %-111.9 %. Additionally, a portable syringe device was developed to facilitate rapid on-site extraction and enrichment of SAs. The practicality of this method was validated through its successful application in detecting SAs in real samples, including lake water and milk. This approach highlights its potential for efficient and rapid monitoring of antibiotic residues in both environmental and food systems.

01 Mar 2025·Journal of Hazardous Materials

Substituent structure variances alter degradation pathways of sulfonamides in UV/PAA system: Insights from intermediates, ROS, and DFT calculations

Article

Author: Li, Junhong ; Wang, Fei ; Cao, Manman ; Geng, Huanhuan ; Leng, Wenjun ; Ma, Shuai ; Sun, Ke ; Gao, Ziqi ; Zhu, Yangchen ; Xu, Qing

Sulfonamides (SAs) are one of the major emerging contaminants of concern, but comparative studies on the degradation of different types of SAs are still limited. This work comprehensively compared the degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfathiazole (STZ) under UV light in peracetic acid (PAA) from both experimental and theoretical aspects, as they represent two structural classes based on substituent differences. The two SAs with five-membered heterocyclic substituents (SMX, STZ) generally decomposed at faster rates, with SMX degrading up to 10 times faster than SDZ (pH = 3; PAA dosage = 80 mg/L). For all three SAs, the degradation efficiency stayed high across pH levels, peaking at pH 9 for SDZ and STZ, and at pH 3 for SMX. Free radical scavenging experiments and EPR tests proved that the degradation of SAs involved various free radicals, among which ³SA*s and •OH played a major role. Fukui functions indicated N(7) in aniline groups of SDZ and SMX had the highest reactivity, while in STZ, S(23) in the thiazole moiety was the most active site. The degradation pathways were proposed and compared and the cleavage of S-C bond was observed in all three SAs and hydroxylation was the most common reaction. This study elucidated the impacts of different substituent structures on the degradation of three sulfonamide drugs in the UV/PAA system, contributing to a better understanding of the degradation behavior of various types of sulfonamide drugs in water treatment.

01 Feb 2025·Chemosphere

Removal of sulfonamides by persulfate-based advanced oxidation: A mini review

Review

Author: Li, Juan ; Guo, Yanfei ; Li, Mingyue ; Zeng, Ping ; Peng, Xiangtian ; Shen, Liang

Sulfonamides (SAs) are known for their persistence and have become one of the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environments. The widespread presence of SAs in natural waters, wastewater, soil, and sediment has prompted growing concern due to their potential threats to both human health and ecological systems. Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs) have emerged as a promising technology for effectively mitigating the presence of these pollutants in the environment. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the degradation of SAs by PS-AOPs. The various activation methods of persulfate for the purpose of removing SAs are elaborated upon in detail. The factors influencing the removal efficiency of SAs through PS-AOPs is thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the conceivable mechanisms and degradation pathways associated with various types of SAs are discussed. Lastly, existing challenges are identified, and future prospects pertaining to the utilization of PS-AOPs for efficient SA removal are presented.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Dystrophy, Macular	Preclinical	IL	Feramda Biopharmaceutical	-
Psoriasis	Discovery	IL	BioMAS Ltd.	-

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