Delving into the Latest Updates on ITV-4 with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Synthetic peptide

Synonyms

immune therapeutic vaccine 4, ITV-4

Target

gp41

Mechanism

gp41 modulators(Transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 modulators)

Therapeutic Areas

Immune System DiseasesInfectious DiseasesUrogenital Diseases

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

HIV Infections

Originator Organization

Enzolytics, Inc.

Active Organization-

Inactive Organization

Enzolytics, Inc.

Drug Highest PhasePendingDiscovery

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

4DCT sets acquired for 20 patients with esophageal carcinoma were analyzed. Each of the 4DCT sets was binned into 10 respiratory phases. For each patient, the gross tumor volume (GTV) was delineated on the 4DCT set at each phase. Various strategies to derive ITV were explored, including the volume from the maximum intensity projection (MIP; ITV_MIP), unions of the GTVs from selected multiple phases ITV2 (0% and 50% phases), ITV3 (ITV2 plus 80%), and ITV4 (ITV3 plus 60%), as well as the volumes expanded from ITV2 and ITV3 with a uniform margin. These ITVs were compared to ITV10 (the union of the GTVs for all 10 phases) and the differences were measured with the overlap ratio (OR) and relative volume ratio (RVR) relative to ITV10 (ITVx/ITV10).

RESULTS:

For all patients studied, the average GTV from a single phase was 84.9% of ITV10. The average ORs were 91.2%, 91.3%, 94.5%, and 96.4% for ITV_MIP, ITV2, ITV3, and ITV4, respectively. Low ORs were associated with irregular breathing patterns. ITV3s plus 1 mm uniform margins (ITV3+1) led to an average OR of 98.1% and an average RVR of 106.4%.

CONCLUSIONS:

The ITV generated directly from MIP underestimates the range of the respiration motion for esophageal cancer. The ITV generated from 3 phases (ITV3) may be used for regular breathers, whereas the ITV generated from 4 phases (ITV4) or ITV3 plus a 1-mm uniform margin may be applied for irregular breathers.

01 Jul 2012·Practical radiation oncologyQ4 · MEDICINE

Determination of internal target volume using selective phases of a 4-dimensional computed tomography scan

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Yu, Yan ; Liu, Haisong ; Cui, Yunfeng ; Xiao, Ying ; Cao, Junsheng ; Werner-Wasik, Maria ; Champ, Colin E

PURPOSE:

Internal target volume (ITV) is frequently determined by contouring of gross tumor volumes (GTV) on 10 phases of a 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) study set for lung cancer radiotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of generating ITV by using selective phases of a 4DCT scan.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

The 4DCT scans of 20 patients with lung cancer were included in this study. GTVs were contoured on 10 phases in Focal4D (CMS, St Louis, MO). Different ITVs were derived by encompassing volumes of contours from selective phases. ITV10 was the combination of GTVs on all of the 10 phases and served as the gold standard volume. All of the other ITVs were smaller and within ITV10. The ratios of the volumes of these ITVs to ITV10 were calculated and used as a criterion to determine the similarity of different ITVs to ITV10. ITV2 represented the ITV derived by using end-inhalation and end-exhalation (0% + 50%). ITV3E was derived from contouring the 3 phases at end-inhalation, mid-exhalation, and end-exhalation (0% + 20% + 50%). ITV3I was derived from contouring the 3 phases at end-inhalation, mid-inhalation, and end-exhalation (0% + 70% + 50%). ITV4 was derived by contouring the 4 phases at end-inhalation, mid-inhalation, end-exhalation, and mid-exhalation (0% + 20% + 50% + 70%). ITV6E was derived from contouring the 6 consecutive phases during exhalation (0% + 10% + 20% + 30% + 40% + 50%). ITV6I was derived from contouring the 6 consecutive phases during inhalation (50% + 60% + 70% + 80% + 90% + 0%). The volumes of ITVs were calculated and compared.

RESULTS:

ITV6I showed excellent agreement with ITV10 (volume ratio ITV6I/ITV10 = 0.975). ITV4 and ITV6E showed good agreement with ITV10 (ITV6E/ITV10 = 0.939, ITV4/ITV10 = 0.944). The volume ratios ITV3I/ITV10 and ITV3E/ITV10 were 0.927 and 0.906, respectively. ITV2 did not agree well with ITV10 (ITV2/ITV10 = 0.888).

CONCLUSIONS:

Contouring all phases during inhalation provides a good estimate of the ITV. However, the ITV may be underestimated if only contouring on 2 extreme phases.

01 Jan 1969·The Journal of infectious diseasesQ2 · MEDICINE

Spread of Enteric Live Adenovirus Type 4 Vaccine in Married Couples

Q2 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: George Gee Jackson ; Edith D. Stanley

type 4 vaccine to military recruits has resulted in a gratifying reduction in the incidence of specific adenoviral acute respiratory disease (ARD) [1-4]. The vaccine elicits an immune response in vaccinees, and when used as a mass immunization, it also decreased ARD in nonvaccinated contacts [5]. Administration of the live virus orally, as an enteric-coated capsule or tablet, apparently permits bypass of the pharynx with selective infection of the intestine [6], The vaccine strain was not prepared by attenuation of virulence, but the intestinal infection is asymptomatic and has caused no adverse effects [5-7]. Most vaccinees shed virus in the stool repeatedly during the period 2-3 weeks after virus ingestion. In spite of this proliferation and excretion of infectious virus, no evidence was found among military personnel for spread of the virus to contacts living in the same barracks and sharing common table and toilet facilities [1, 8]. In the studies reported here, the question of the propensity for spread of the live adenovirus type 4 vaccine strain was investigated in another setting. In 2 studies, 1 member of 39 civilian married, childless couples was vaccinated. Both virologic and serologic evidence of spread between partners was obtained.

100 Deals associated with ITV-4

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