The present Porcine circovirus type 2 virus (PCV₂) vaccine adjuvants suffer from numerous limitations, such as adverse effects, deficient cell-mediated immune responses, and inadequate antibody production. In this study, we explored the potential of a novel nanoparticle (CS-Au NPs) based on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and chitosan (CS) that modified Viola philippica polysaccharide (VPP) as efficient adjuvants for PCV₂ vaccine. The characterization demonstrated that CS-Au-VPP NPs had a mean particle size of 507.42 nm and a zeta potential value of -21.93 mV. CS-Au-VPP NPs also exhibited good dispersion and a stable structure, which did not alter the polysaccharide properties. Additionally, the CS-Au-VPP NPs showed easy absorption and utilization by the organism. To investigate their immune-enhancing potential, mice were immunized with a mixture of CS-Au-VPP NPs and PCV₂ vaccine. The evaluation of relevant immunological indicators, including specific IgG antibodies and their subclasses, cytokines, and T cell subpopulations, confirmed their immune-boosting effects. The in vivo experiments revealed that the medium-dose CS-Au-VPP NPs significantly elevated the levels of specific IgG antibodies and their subclasses, cytokines, and T cell subpopulations in PCV₂-immunized mice. These findings suggest that CS-Au-VPP NPs can serve as a promising vaccine adjuvant due to their stable structure and immunoenhancement capabilities.

01 Oct 2022·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

Chinese yam polysaccharides PLGA-stabilized Pickering emulsion as an adjuvant system for PCV- 2 vaccine to enhance immune response

Article

Author: Yu, Lin ; Wang, Deyun ; Gu, Pengfei ; He, Jin ; Zhang, Yue ; Liu, Zhenguang ; Yang, Yang ; Hu, Yuanliang ; Liu, Jiaguo ; Jiao, Lina

Chinese yam polysaccharides (CYP) exhibit superior adjuvant activity and modulate the immune response, but the low bioavailability limits their clinical application. Pickering emulsions have been proven as an efficient vaccine delivery system to enhance the immune response. Here, we used the Chinese yam polysaccharides PLGA-stabilized Pickering emulsion adjuvant system (CYP-PPAS) loaded with Porcine circovirus 2 as a vaccine and focused on investigating its adjuvant activity on humoral and cellular immunity in mice. The CYP-PPAS increased PCV-2 antigen loading efficiency and showed a high antigen uptake efficiency by macrophages in vitro. In vivo, CYP-PPAS significantly facilitated DCs maturation in draining lymph nodes than CYP or PPAS alone group. The CYP-PPAS also induced an increased proliferation index and a CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. Meanwhile, in contrast to the CYP and PPAS groups, CYP-PPAS elicited a stronger anti-PCV-2 IgG and mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Specifically, the CYP-PPAS group displayed the high expression of CD107a, FasL, and Granzyme B secretion to augment a strong cytotoxic lymphocyte response. Overall, the CYP-PPAS was a successful adjuvant system for promoting humoral and cellular immune responses, which opens up an avenue for the development of effective adjuvants against infectious diseases.

01 Jun 2021·Bioorganic ChemistryQ2 · CHEMISTRY

Novel 1,2,3-triazole-tethered Pam3CAG conjugates as potential TLR-2 agonistic vaccine adjuvants

Q2 · CHEMISTRY

Article

Author: Sravanthi Vemireddy ; Syed Shafi ; Shainy Sambyal ; Tukaram B. Mhamane ; Imran A. Khan ; M Sampath Kumar Halmuthur

A focused library of water soluble 1,2,3-triazole tethered glycopeptide conjugates derived from variety of azido-monosaccharides and aliphatic azido-alcohols were synthesized through manipulation at the C-terminus of Pam₃CAG and screened for their potential as TLR2 agonistic adjuvants against HBsAg antigen. In vitro ligand induced TLR2 signal activation was observed with all the analogues upon treatment with HEK blue TLR2 cell lines. Conjugate derived from ribose (6e), which exhibited pronounced HBsAg specific antibody (IgG) titer also shown enhanced CD8+ population indicating superior cell mediated immunity compared to standard adjuvant Pam₃CSK₄. Further, docking studies revealed ligand induced heterodimerization between TLR1 and 2. Overall, the result indicates the usefulness of novel conjugates as potential vaccine adjuvant.

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