IL-12 inhibitors(Interleukin-12 inhibitors), IL-23 inhibitors(Interleukin-23 inhibitors), PIKFYVE inhibitors(phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger containing inhibitors)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesEndocrinology and Metabolic DiseaseOther Diseases+ [1]

Active Indication

Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisUveitis

Inactive Indication

Crohn Disease

Originator Organization

OrphAI Therapeutics, Inc.

Active Organization

OrphAI Therapeutics, Inc.

Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp.

Inactive Organization-

Drug Highest PhasePhase 2

First Approval Date-

RegulationOrphan Drug (EU)

Structure

Molecular FormulaC23H26N6O2

InChIKeyHSKAZIJJKRAJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry541550-19-0

Clinical Trials associated with Apilimod

NCT00263237 / CompletedPhase 1IIT

A Pilot Study of Safety and Efficacy of the Oral IL-12/23 Inhibitor, STA-5326 Mesylate, for Symptomatic Gastrointestinal Inflammation Associated With Common Variable Immunodeficiency

This study will determine whether an experimental medicine, STA-5326 mesylate, is safe to use in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) who have inflammation of the gut. It will also determine if patients who take this drug show improvement in their symptoms, decrease in inflammatory chemicals in the gut, changes in their immune cells, and improvement in how their gut is functioning to absorb food.
Patients between 18 and 75 years of age with CVID and chronic diarrhea or involuntary weight loss of more than 5 percent of their past body weight over the past 12 months may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a review of their medical records, a medical history and physical examination, blood, urine and stool tests, chest x-rays and skin test for exposure to tuberculosis, and a hydrogen breath test. For the latter, breath samples are collected before and every 20 minutes (for 2 hours) after the subject drinks a sugar solution. This test determines the digestive effects of bacteria in the upper intestine. Samples are collected by having the subject blow into a balloon.
Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:
Immune System and Gastrointestinal Evaluation
48-hour stool fat collection (measures the amount of undigested fat in the stool): Subjects keep a diary of what they eat for a 48-hour period. At the beginning of the 48 hours they take two dye capsules and then take another two capsules 48 hours later. They collect a stool sample when they pass the second set of capsules in their bowel movement. An additional 24-hour stool collection is tested for loss of protein in the stool.
D-xylose absorption test (measures the ability of the gut to absorb nutrients): Subjects drink a solution of d-xylose (a sugar substitute). Blood samples are collected before and 1 hour after drinking the solution.
Upper endoscopy: A thin flexible lighted tube is advanced through the mouth to evaluate the esophagus, stomach and beginning of the small intestine.
Lower endoscopy: A thin flexible lighted tube is advanced through the rectum to evaluate the colon.
Treatment Period (Study days 1 to 57)
Physical examination - study days 1, 8, 15, 29, 43 and 57
Blood samples to test the levels of STA-5326 in the blood. On study days 1 and 57, samples are collected before the medication dose and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after the dose; on day 29, one sample is collected before the medication dose.
Blood samples for routine safety testing - study days 1, 8, 15, 29, 43 and 57
Medication history - study days 1, 8, 15, 29, 43 and 57
Interview about pain, discomfort, and well being - study days 1, 8, 15, 29, 43 and 57
Pregnancy test for women who can become pregnant - study days 15, 43, and 57
D-xylose absorption test - study days 29 and 57
Electrocardiogram - study days 29 and 57
Urine test - study days 29 and 57
Blood test for research on immune cells - study day 57
Repeat endoscopies and studies of gut function (24- and 48-hour stool collections)
Follow-up period (Day 85 and day 113)
-Physical examination, blood tests, medication history, questions about pain, discomfort and well being

Start Date02 Dec 2005

Sponsor / Collaborator

National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases

NCT00088062 / CompletedPhase 1/2

A Phase I/IIa Trial of STA-5326 in Crohn's Disease Patients With CDAI Scores of 220-450

The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and tolerability of STA-5326 given once daily or twice daily to Crohn's Disease patients with moderate disease.

Start Date01 Feb 2004

Sponsor / Collaborator

Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp.

100 Clinical Results associated with Apilimod

100 Translational Medicine associated with Apilimod

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Apilimod

Literatures (Medical) associated with Apilimod

02 Oct 2024·Autophagy

Poly-GP accumulation due to C9orf72 loss of function induces motor neuron apoptosis through autophagy and mitophagy defects

Article

Author: Zhou, Qihui ; Renault, Solène ; Chentout, Loïc ; Jung, Vincent ; Marian, Anca ; Ciura, Sorana ; Kabashi, Edor ; de Calbiac, Hortense ; Guerrera, Chiara ; Haouy, Grégoire ; Edbauer, Dieter ; Campanari, Maria-Letizia ; Goudin, Nicolas ; Roger, Kevin ; Demy, Doris Lou

The GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) of the C9orf72 gene is the most frequent cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastative neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron degeneration. C9orf72 HRE is associated with lowered levels of C9orf72 expression and its translation results in the production of dipeptide-repeats (DPRs). To recapitulate C9orf72-related ALS disease in vivo, we developed a zebrafish model where we expressed glycine-proline (GP) DPR in a c9orf72 knockdown context. We report that C9orf72 gain- and loss-of-function properties act synergistically to induce motor neuron degeneration and paralysis with poly(GP) accumulating preferentially within motor neurons along with Sqstm1/p62 aggregation indicating macroautophagy/autophagy deficits. Poly(GP) levels were shown to accumulate upon c9orf72 downregulation and were comparable to levels assessed in autopsy samples of patients carrying C9orf72 HRE. Chemical boosting of autophagy using rapamycin or apilimod, is able to rescue motor deficits. Proteomics analysis of zebrafish-purified motor neurons unravels mitochondria dysfunction confirmed through a comparative analysis of previously published C9orf72 iPSC-derived motor neurons. Consistently, 3D-reconstructions of motor neuron demonstrate that poly(GP) aggregates colocalize to mitochondria, thus inducing their elongation and swelling and the failure of their processing by mitophagy, with mitophagy activation through urolithin A preventing locomotor deficits. Finally, we report apoptotic-related increased amounts of cleaved Casp3 (caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase) and rescue of motor neuron degeneration by constitutive inhibition of Casp9 or treatment with decylubiquinone. Here we provide evidence of key pathogenic steps in C9ALS-FTD that can be targeted through pharmacological avenues, thus raising new therapeutic perspectives for ALS patients.

03 Sep 2024·Brain

Apilimod dimesylate in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized phase 2a clinical trial

Article

Author: Prudencio, Mercedes ; Young, Peter R ; Babu, Suma ; Nix, Darrell ; Edwards, Joan ; Nkrumah, Esther ; Paganoni, Sabrina ; Landrette, Sean ; Fandrick, Keith ; Nicholson, Katharine A ; Sampognaro, Paul J ; Petrucelli, Leonard ; Swenson, Andrea ; Spruill, Susan ; Pant, Pravin ; Macklin, Eric A ; Rothstein, Jeffrey D ; Gendron, Tania F

AbstractApilimod dimesylate is a first-in-class phosphoinositide kinase, FYVE-type zinc finger-containing (PIKfyve) inhibitor with a favourable clinical safety profile and has demonstrated activity in preclinical C9orf72 and TDP-43 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) models. In this ALS clinical trial, the safety, tolerability, CNS penetrance and modulation of pharmacodynamic target engagement biomarkers were evaluated.This phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, biomarker-end-point clinical trial was conducted in four US centres (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05163886). Participants with C9orf72 repeat expansions were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive twice-daily oral treatment with 125 mg apilimod dimesylate capsules or matching placebo for 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week open-label extension. Safety was measured as the occurrence of treatment-emergent or serious adverse events attributable to the study drug and tolerability at trial completion or treatment over 12 weeks. Changes from baseline in plasma and CSF and concentrations of apilimod dimesylate and its active metabolites and of pharmacodynamic biomarkers of PIKfyve inhibition [soluble glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (sGPNMB) upregulation] and disease-specific CNS target engagement [poly(GP)] were measured.Between 16 December 2021 and 7 July 2022, 15 eligible participants were enrolled. There were no drug-related serious adverse events reported in the trial. Fourteen (93%) participants completed the double-blind period with 99% dose compliance [n = 9 (90%) apilimod dimesylate; n = 5 (100%) placebo]. At Week 12, apilimod dimesylate was measurable in CSF at 1.63 ng/ml [standard deviation (SD): 0.937]. At Week 12, apilimod dimesylate increased plasma sGPNMB by >2.5-fold (P < 0.001), indicating PIKfyve inhibition, and lowered CSF poly(GP) protein levels by 73% (P < 0.001), indicating CNS tissue-level proof of mechanism.Apilimod dimesylate met prespecified key safety and biomarker end-points in this phase 2a trial and demonstrated CNS penetrance and pharmacodynamic target engagement. Apilimod dimesylate was observed to result in the greatest reduction in CSF poly(GP) levels observed to date in C9orf72 clinical trials.

01 Aug 2024·Current Pharmaceutical Design

Novel Therapies for ANCA-associated Vasculitis: Apilimod Ameliorated Endothelial Cells Injury through TLR4/NF-κB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome

Article

Author: Hu, Liu ; Wang, Yiru ; Liu, Siyang ; Cao, Chenlin ; Liu, Qingquan

Background:Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rapidly progressive form of glomerulonephritis for which effective therapeutic drugs are currently lacking, and its underlying mechanism remains unclear.Aims:This study aimed to investigate new treatment options for AAV through a combination of bioinformatics analysis and cell molecular experiments.Methods:The research utilized integrated bioinformatics analysis to identify genes with differential expression, conduct enrichment analysis, and pinpoint hub genes associated with AAV. Potential therapeutic compounds for AAV were identified using Connectivity Map and molecular docking techniques. In vitro experiments were then carried out to examine the impact and mechanism of apilimod on endothelial cell injury induced by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG.Results:The findings revealed a set of 374 common genes from differentially expressed genes and key modules of WGCNA, which were notably enriched in immune and inflammatory response processes. A proteinprotein interaction network was established, leading to the identification of 10 hub genes, including TYROBP, PTPRC, ITGAM, KIF20A, CD86, CCL20, GAD1, LILRB2, CD8A, and COL5A2. Analysis from Connectivity Map and molecular docking suggested that apilimod could serve as a potential therapeutic cytokine inhibitor for ANCA-GN based on the hub genes. In vitro experiments demonstrated that apilimod could mitigate tight junction disruption, endothelial cell permeability, LDH release, and endothelial activation induced by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG. Additionally, apilimod treatment led to a significant reduction in the expression of proteins involved in the TLR4/NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis pathways.Conclusion:This study sheds light on the potential pathogenesis of AAV and highlights the protective role of apilimod in mitigating MPO-ANCA-IgG-induced vascular endothelial cell injury by modulating the TLR4/ NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis pathway. These findings suggest that apilimod may hold promise as a treatment for AAV and warrant further investigation.

News (Medical) associated with Apilimod

16 Feb 2024

·www.globenewswire.com

OrphAI Therapeutics receives Orphan Drug Designation for AIT-101 as a treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the European Union

Feb. 15, 2024 -- OrphAI Therapeutics Inc. (“OrphAI”), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics for rare diseases, announced today that it has received Orphan Drug Designation (ODD) in the European Union (EU) for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). AIT-101 previously received ODD from the U.S. FDA in June 2023 for the treatment of ALS. “OrphAI Therapeutics now has orphan designation for AIT-101 both in the US and the EU for the treatment of ALS, an important step toward bringing the drug to patients suffering from this neurodegenerative disorder,” said Dr. Brigette Roberts, CEO and Director of OrphAI. “AIT-101 has demonstrated compelling activity in its ability to clear toxic aggregates, which are a hallmark of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. We look forward to moving AIT-101 into the next stage of clinical development." AIT-101 is a first-in-class, potent and highly selective inhibitor of the lipid kinase PIKfyve. Inhibition of PIKfyve leads to activation of the transcription factor TFEB which drives the increased clearance of toxic protein aggregates via the lysosomal autophagy pathway. AIT-101 has now been demonstrated to reduce aggregates in human subjects, to improve the survival of motor neurons in in vitro models of familial and sporadic ALS, and to ameliorate functional deficits in a mutant TDP-43 animal model of ALS. AIT-101 is the most clinically advanced PIKfyve inhibitor in development. OrphAI Therapeutics’ mission is to transform the lives of patients with rare diseases. The company is currently developing three investigational therapies across multiple orphan indications: AIT-101, a first-in-class PIKfyve inhibitor, which recently completed a Phase 2a clinical trial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); LAM-001, a proprietary inhaled form of rapamycin, currently in Phase 2 for Group 1 and 3 pulmonary hypertension and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS); and AIT-102, a proprietary analogue of mithramycin, in preclinical development, for the treatment of SWI/SNF mutated or dysregulated tumors. The content above comes from the network. if any infringement, please contact us to modify.

Orphan DrugClinical Result

24 Jan 2024

·www.globenewswire.com

OrphAI Therapeutics Announces Appointment of Jay Fine to Board of Directors

Seasoned leader in drug discovery and developmentGUILFORD, Conn., Jan. 24, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- OrphAI Therapeutics Inc. (“OrphAI”), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics for rare diseases, announced today the appointment of Jay S. Fine, Ph.D. to its Board of Directors. Dr. Fine has a strong track record of drug discovery and development leadership in respiratory diseases, oncology, immunology and fibrotic disease indications. His leadership has contributed to the progression of over 30 new molecular entities into clinical development, leading to the commercial launch of multiple products including Skyrizi™ for Plaque Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Crohn’s Disease and Spevigo™ for Generalized Pustular Psoriasis. He has chaired various governance and steering committees at several global pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Fine currently serves as President of Research and Development at EvolveImmune Therapeutics, a development-stage company focused on advancing differentiated immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. Previously, he served as Senior Vice President and Global Therapeutic Area Head for Immunology and Respiratory Diseases Research at Boehringer Ingelheim and as the Discovery Research Site Head at their Ridgefield, CT location. Dr. Fine also served as Head of Translational Biology at Roche Pharmaceuticals, was a Director in the Inflammation department at Schering-Plough and worked in the Biologic Response Modifiers Program at the National Cancer Institute. He holds a B.S. degree from Cornell University and a Ph.D. from the University of Rochester School of Medicine. Dr. Fine has authored over 75 scientific publications and patents and has been the recipient of numerous honors and awards during his career. “Jay Fine represents an extraordinary resource both for the Board as well as for the OrphAI management team, given his years of experience and success in the operational leadership of drug discovery and development. I am personally excited to work with him in this capacity,” said Dr. Brigette Roberts, CEO and Director of OrphAI. “I am very pleased to join the OrphAI Therapeutics’ Board of Directors,” said Dr. Fine. “The company has established an exciting product pipeline which holds tremendous potential to meaningfully improve the lives of patients with rare diseases. I look forward to working closely with the OrphAI team and its board to accelerate the progress of its promising pipeline.” “We are excited to welcome Jay Fine to our Board of Directors,” said David Scheer, Chairman of the Board of Directors at OrphAI. “Jay’s extensive leadership experience and drug development insights will be especially valuable to OrphAI and our Board as we collectively embark on this next stage of the company’s growth.” About OrphAI Therapeutics OrphAI Therapeutics’ mission is to transform the lives of patients with rare diseases. The company is currently developing three investigational therapies across multiple orphan indications: AIT-101, a first-in-class PIKfyve inhibitor, which recently completed a Phase 2a clinical trial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); LAM-001, a proprietary inhaled form of rapamycin, currently in Phase 2 for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); and AIT-102, a proprietary analogue of mithramycin, in preclinical development for the treatment of SWI/SNF mutated or dysregulated tumors. To learn more, please visit: OrphAI-Therapeutics.com

Phase 2Executive Change

02 Oct 2023

·www.biospace.com

OrphAI Therapeutics Announces Oral Presentation and Posters at the 22nd Annual NEALS Conference

GUILFORD, Conn., Oct. 02, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- OrphAI Therapeutics Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel therapeutics for rare diseases, announced today data presentations at the 22nd Annual NEALS (Northeast ALS Consortium) meeting being held October 4 - 6, 2023 in Clearwater Florida. Oral Presentation: October 5, 2023, 11:10 a.m. ET Title: Results of the Phase 2a clinical trial of LAM-002A (apilimod dimesylate) in C9orf72 ALS Presenters: Dr. Suma Babu, Sean M. Healey Center for ALS at MGHl; Peter Young, Ph.D. Chief Scientific Officer, OrphAI Therapeutics. Location: Opal Ballroom Poster Presentations: Title: AIT-101 Improves Functional Deficits in a Human TDP-43 Animal Model of ALS Presenter: Peter Young, Ph.D., Chief Scientific Officer, OrphAI Therapeutics Location and Time: Poster Session 1, Abstract:4, October 4, 2023, 5:15p – 7:15p ET Title: Results of a double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of AIT-101 (LAM-002A) in C9ORF72 ALS- A biomarker driven Phase 2a clinical trial targeting PIKfyve inhibition Presenter: Dr. Suma Babu, Sean M. Healey Center for ALS at MGH Location and Time: Poster Session 2, Abstract:136, October 5, 2023, 4:30p - 6:30p ET About OrphAI Therapeutics OrphAI Therapeutics’ mission is to transform the lives of patients with rare diseases. The company is currently developing three investigational therapies across multiple orphan indications: AIT-101, a first-in-class PIKfyve inhibitor, which recently completed a Phase 2a clinical trial in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); LAM-001, a proprietary inhaled form of rapamycin, currently in Phase 2 for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); and AIT-102, a proprietary analogue of mithramycin, in preclinical development for the treatment of SWI/SNF mutated or dysregulated tumors. To learn more, please visit: OrphAI-Therapeutics.com MEDIA CONTACT: info@orphai-therapeutics.com

Phase 2Clinical Result

100 Deals associated with Apilimod

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R&D Status

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	Phase 2	US	OrphAI Therapeutics, Inc.	27 Jul 2022
Uveitis	Preclinical	US	Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp.	01 May 2008
Crohn Disease	Discovery	US	Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp.	01 Feb 2004

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