OBJECTIVEThe main objective of this study was to find if thiamine disulfide (TD) lowers blood glucose level and improves insulin resistance (IR) in liver and muscle in rats with chronic type 1 diabetes (T1DM) using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique.METHODSA total of fifty male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups consisted of: non-diabetic control (NDC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic treated with thiamine disulfide (D-TD), diabetic treated with insulin (D-insulin), and diabetic treated with both TD and insulin (D-insulin+TD). Diabetes was induced by a 60 mg/kg dose of streptozotocin. Blood glucose levels, pyruvate tolerance test (PTT), intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose infusion rate (GIR), liver and serum lipid profiles, liver glycogen stores, liver enzymes ([ALT], [AST]), and serum calcium and magnesium levels. were evaluated. Additionally, gene expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pepck), forkhead box O1 (Foxo1), and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) were assessed in liver and skeletal muscle tissues.RESULTSBlood glucose level was reduced by TD treatment. In addition, TyG index, HOMA-IR, serum and liver lipid profiles, HbA1c levels, and expressions of Foxo1 and Pepck genes were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all the treated groups. However, TD did not influence Glut4 gene expression, but GIR as a critical index of IR were 5.0±0.26, 0.29±0.002, 1.5±0.07, 0.9±0.1 and 1.3±0.1 mg.min^-1Kg^-1 in NDC, DC, D-TD, D-insulin and D-insulin+TD respectively.CONCLUSIONSTD improved IR in the liver primarily by suppressing gluconeogenic pathways, implying the potential use of TD as a therapeutic agent in diabetes.

01 Feb 2023·Biophysical Chemistry

A large HIV gp41 construct with trimer-of-hairpins structure exhibits V2E mutation-dominant attenuation of vesicle fusion and helicity very similar to V2E attenuation of HIV fusion and infection and supports: (1) hairpin stabilization of membrane apposition with larger distance for V2E; and (2) V2E dominance by an antiparallel β sheet with interleaved fusion peptide strands from two gp41 trimers

Article

Author: Rokonujjaman, Md ; Sahyouni, Abdulrazak ; Weliky, David P ; Ghosh, Ujjayini ; Wolfe, Robert ; Jia, Lihui

There is complete attenuation of fusion and infection mediated by HIV gp160 with gp41 subunit with V2E mutation, and also V2E dominance with WT/V2E mixtures. V2E is at the N-terminus of the ∼25-residue fusion peptide (Fp) which likely binds the target membrane. In this study, large V2E attenuation and dominance were observed for vesicle fusion induced by FP_HM, a large gp41 ectodomain construct with Fp followed by hyperthermostable hairpin with N- and C-helices, and membrane-proximal external region (Mper). FP_HM is a trimer-of-hairpins, the final gp41 structure during fusion. Vesicle fusion and helicity were measured for FP_HM using trimers with different fractions (f's) of WT and V2E proteins. Reductions in FP_HM fusion and helicity vs. f_V2E were quantitatively-similar to those for gp160-mediated fusion and infection. Global fitting of all V2E data supports 6 WT gp41 (2 trimers) required for fusion. These data are understood by a model in which the ∼25 kcal/mol free energy for initial membrane apposition is compensated by the thermostable hairpin between the Fp in target membrane and Mper/transmembrane domain in virus membrane. The data support a structural model for V2E dominance with a membrane-bound Fp with antiparallel β sheet and interleaved strands from the two trimers. Relative to f_V2E = 0, a longer Fp sheet is stabilized with small f_V2E because of salt-bridge and/or hydrogen bonds between E2 on one strand and C-terminal Fp residues on adjacent strands, like R22. A longer Fp sheet results in shorter N- and C-helices, and larger separation during membrane apposition which hinders fusion.

01 Jan 2023·Arerugi = [Allergy]

[A CASE OF ANAPHYLAXIS INDUCED BY VITAMIN B1 DERIVATIVE IN VITAMIN B INFUSION FORMULATION FOR INTRAVENOUS INJECTION].

Article

Author: Yamada, Haruhi ; Masuda, Yoshiyuki ; Nagahama, Minami ; Adachi, Atsuko ; Kitamura, Hiroko ; Kumagai, Jun

A woman in her 20s presented to our clinic with a lower gastrointestinal infection. When we administered intravenous antibacterial and vitamin infusions, she developed anaphylaxis. We performed skin tests to investigate the cause, and an intradermal test was positive for a 1% intravenous vitamin complex. We then performed a component-specific test, which was positive for thiamine disulfide phosphate, a vitamin B1 derivative. We therefore diagnosed anaphylaxis due to thiamine disulfide phosphate. No previous reports have described cross-reactivity between vitamin B1 derivatives. In our case, however, the patient tested positive for fluthiamine hydrochloride, suggesting cross-reactivity. Intravenous vitamin complexes are used in daily clinical practice and should be administered with caution because of the possibility of anaphylaxis, although it occurs infrequently.

100 Deals associated with Thiamine Disulfide

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D03299	-	A11DA01	DB15958

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Thiamine Deficiency	JP	Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.	24 Aug 2006

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