Delving into the Latest Updates on Carbamide Peroxide with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Carbamide peroxide (USP), Hydrogen peroxide carbamide, Urea dioxide

+ [3]

Target-

Action-

Mechanism-

Therapeutic Areas

Other Diseases

Active Indication

Fetal Distress

Inactive Indication

Acne VulgarisRosacea

Originator Organization

Hunan Yige Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

Active Organization

Hunan Yige Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

Inactive Organization

Elorac, Inc.

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaCH6N2O3

InChIKeyAQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry124-43-6

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMIn-office bleaching has been widely researched. However, few studies have evaluated alternative protocols for this procedure. Moreover, information on the long-term stability of in-office whitening is limited.PURPOSEThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness and 1-year stability of in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (35%HP) and 37% carbamide peroxide (37%CP) using traditional and alternative protocols.MATERIAL AND METHODSForty human third molars were stained with tea and allocated to groups (n=10). Traditional protocols consisted of 3 applications of 35%HP for 15 minutes and 1 application of 37%CP for 45 minutes. Alternative protocols consisted of 1 application of 35%HP for 45 minutes and 3 applications of 37%CP for 45 minutes. Protocols were applied for 3 weeks. CIELab color coordinates were measured at baseline and weekly during treatment and at 1-week, 6-month, and 1-year follow-ups. Effectiveness and stability of the bleaching treatments were interpreted using 50:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. CIELab, chroma, hue angle, and whiteness index were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=.05).RESULTSAll protocols showed improvement in bleaching after the first week (P≤.005). All bleaching procedures presented excellent whitening outcomes. Alternative protocols showed a larger rebound effect after 1 year, indicating less stability. For the whiteness index, no differences between the completion of the treatments and 1-year follow-up was found for the bleaching treatments and protocols (P>.05), except for the 37%CP alternative protocol (P=.005).CONCLUSIONSAll tested protocols presented excellent effectiveness in bleaching. Traditional protocols exhibited a greater whiteness stability, while the alternative protocols showed a greater rebound effect after 1 year.

01 Mar 2025·Journal of Dentistry

Efficacy and safety of peroxide-based mouthrinse on whitening treatment: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Article

Author: Carvalho Dos Santos, Karine ; Torres, Carlos Rocha Gomes ; Mailart, Mariane Cintra ; Borges, Alessandra Bühler

OBJECTIVESThis randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of peroxide-based mouthrinse on whitening treatment. The patient's satisfaction and treatment longevity were also assessed.MATERIAL AND METHODSParticipants (N = 45) were randomly allocated to three different groups: WM (Whitening mouthrinse - 2.5% hydrogen peroxide); PM (Placebo mouthrinse - 0% hydrogen peroxide); and WG (Whitening gel - 10% carbamide peroxide). The treatment was performed twice daily for 30 s over 90 days for WM and PM and once daily for 2 h over 14 days for WG. Tooth color was evaluated with shade guides (ΔSGU) and with a spectrophotometer (ΔE₀₀ and WI_D) after 14, 30, 60, 90, 120 days, and 2 years. Tooth sensitivity, gingival condition, and patient satisfaction were also evaluated.RESULTSWG resulted in the highest color change over time for visual (ΔSGU) and objective (ΔE₀₀ and WI_D) analyses. With WM, significant visual color alteration was detected in the 60-day assessment compared with PM. After 2 years, no color rebound was observed for the treatments. A very low intensity of sensitivity was found for WM and WG. No gingival irritation was detected. All the participants were satisfied with the whitening treatment outcomes.CONCLUSIONSThe peroxide-based mouthrinse effectively changed tooth color, with relevant effect detected after 60 days of use. However, the whitening result obtained with the conventional carbamide peroxide gel treatment was more pronounced. No relevant adverse effects were observed, and the outcomes were maintained for 2 years.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEPeroxide-based mouthrinse is an effective alternative whitening treatment, although it promotes less color change compared with the conventional at-home technique without inducing significant adverse effects. Patients should be warned about the prolonged treatment and the need for compliance.

27 Feb 2025·Nature

Total synthesis of 25 picrotoxanes by virtual library selection

Article

Author: Shenvi, Ryan A ; Li, Chunyu

The synthesis of a complex molecule begins from an initial design stage^1-4 in which possible routes are triaged by strategy and feasibility, on the basis of analogy to similar reactions^2,3. However, as molecular complexity increases, predictability decreases⁵; inevitably, even experienced chemists resort to trial and error to identify viable intermediates en route to the target molecule. We encountered such a problem in the synthesis of picrotoxane sesquiterpenes in which pattern-recognition methods anticipated success, but small variations in structure led to failure. Here, to solve this problem but avoid tedious guess-and-check experimentation, we built a virtual library of elusive late-stage intermediate analogues that were triaged by reactivity and altered the synthesis pathway. The efficiency of this method led to concise routes to 25 naturally occurring picrotoxanes. Costly density-functional-theory transition-state calculations were replaced with faster reactant parameterizations to increase scalability and, in this case, inform the mechanism. This approach can serve as an add-on search to human or computer-assisted synthesis planning applicable to high-complexity targets and/or steps with little representation in the literature or reaction databases.

100 Deals associated with Carbamide Peroxide

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