Delving into the Latest Updates on Carbamide Peroxide with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Carbamide peroxide (USP), Hydrogen peroxide carbamide, Urea dioxide

+ [3]

Target-

Mechanism-

Therapeutic Areas

Other Diseases

Active Indication

Fetal Distress

Inactive Indication

Acne VulgarisRosacea

Originator Organization

Hunan Yige Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

Active Organization

Hunan Yige Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

Inactive Organization

Elorac, Inc.

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaCH6N2O3

InChIKeyAQLJVWUFPCUVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry124-43-6

BACKGROUNDThis single-blind, noninferiority trial evaluated whether 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) applied for 2 or 4 hours daily is noninferior to 8 hours.METHODSA total of 120 healthy adults, with teeth shade A2 or darker, were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n = 40). All participants used 10% CP gel in a bleaching tray for 2, 4, and 8 hours daily for 14 days, with the option to extend treatment if they were dissatisfied. Color change was measured using a spectrophotometer and shade guides at baseline, every 5 days, and 1 month posttreatment. Risk and intensity of tooth sensitivity (TS) were assessed daily using a 0 through 10 visual analog scale. Satisfaction was recorded via a Likert scale wherein 1 corresponded to very dissatisfied and 7 corresponded to very satisfied and the Orofacial Esthetic Scale. Noninferiority was tested for color change using the 1976 formula (ΔEab) at 1 month postbleaching (primary outcome), color change using the 2000 formula (ΔE00), Whiteness Index, and shade guide units, whereas TS and satisfaction were analyzed with χ², analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and Friedman tests.RESULTSColor change in ΔEab (2 vs 8 h: mean difference, -0.6; 90% CI, -2.1 to 1.0, 4 vs 8 h: mean difference, 0.0; 90% CI, -1.6 to 1.6) and ΔE00 values for shorter durations were noninferior to 8 hours at 1 month. Whiteness Index results were inconclusive. TS risk and intensity were similar (P > .05), and patient satisfaction improved across all groups similarly (P > .05).CONCLUSIONSShorter 2- and 4-hour daily bleaching with 10% CP is noninferior to the 8-hour protocol.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONSShorter periods of at-home bleaching (2 and 4 h) can be prescribed depending on the patient's availability or preferences without jeopardizing the bleaching efficacy. This clinical trial was registered at Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (RBR-10vvfpcm).

29 Nov 2024·Cureus

Minimally Invasive Approach to Treating Moderate Dental Fluorosis: A Case Report

Article

Author: Nordin, Muhammad Mustaqim ; Ibrahim, Hafizah ; Mamat, Rosnani

Dental fluorosis (DF) is a condition affecting tooth enamel that occurs during the development of permanent teeth, resulting from excessive fluoride consumption. Based on the severity, the tooth surface exhibits discoloration or structural anomalies. The range of colors varies from mild discoloration to severe dark brown lesions. These abnormalities lead to issues with appearance and impact the patient's self-esteem. This case report details a minimally invasive treatment for moderate DF in a 23-year-old male patient. The treatment involved a two-week at-home whitening regimen utilizing a 10% carbamide peroxide gel to diminish chromatic contrast on the affected teeth. Subsequently, enamel microabrasion was conducted to eliminate superficial discoloration prior to resin penetration on each maxillary tooth from UR5 to UL5. Following a two-year follow-up assessment, it was demonstrated that the tooth color was preserved, and no further discoloration occurred. This example showed that moderate DF can be addressed with a minimally invasive technique that integrates bleaching, microabrasion, and resin penetration.

01 Oct 2024·Histology and histopathology

Biological action of bleaching agents on tooth structure: A review.

Review

Author: Aragão, Walessa Alana Bragança ; Lima, Rafael Rodrigues ; Chemelo, Victória Santos ; Silva, Cecy Martins ; Reis, Alessandra ; Pessanha, Sofia ; Alencar, Cristiane de Melo ; Souza-Rodrigues, Renata Duarte

The use of bleaching agents to remove stains is one of the main dental procedures to improve the aesthetics of teeth. This review presents the main agents used for tooth whitening, existing clinical protocols, and the structural changes that may occur through their use. The main bleaching agents consist of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, which are used in bleaching techniques for vital teeth. These techniques can be performed in the office by a professional or by the individual in a home en-vironment under professional guidance. Bleaching agents come in a variety of concentrations and there are over-the-counter products available on the market with lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Due to the chemical characteristics of the agents, changes in the organic and inorganic content of the tooth structure can be observed. These changes are related to morphological changes characterized by in-creased permeability and surface roughness, such changes compromise the mechanical resistance of the tooth. Furthermore, bleaching agents can promote molecular changes after reaching the dental pulp, resulting in oxidative stress of pulp cells and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Despite the bleaching effectiveness, tooth sensitivity is considered the main side effect of use. Therefore, among the heterogeneity of protocols, those that used the bleaching agent for a prolonged time and in lower con-centrations presented more harmful effects on the tooth structure.

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