Ergosterol peroxide

One new monomeric citrinin analog (1) and 42 known compounds (2–43) were isolated from Penicillium citrinum W22. The structure of 1 was determined by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), HRESIMS, and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT)‐based electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Penicitrinol A (2) and methyl 2‐(2‐acetyl‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐4,6‐dimethylphenyl) acetate (11) significantly inhibited renin‐angiotensin system‐selective lethal 3 (RSL3)‐induced ferroptosis with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 1.6 and 34.0 µM, respectively.

Lipid compounds from edible wild mushrooms have been reported for their biological activities related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment. This research investigated purified oleamide (PEWM) from edible wide mushroom and determined its antioxidant activity and inhibition potential against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glucosidase. The PEWM was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC) with methanol: chloroform: water (6:6:1 v/v). The antioxidant activity against ABTS^·+ and DPPH· radical of crude extracts (CEWM) had higher potent than PEWM. On the other hand, the inhibition potential of PEWM against AChE and α-glucosidase had higher potency than CEWM. Moreover, the inhibition potency of PEWM and oleamide against AChE was higher than α-glucosidase. The inhibition mode of CEWM, PEWM and oleamide exhibited mixed-type inhibition on AChE and α-glucosidase. Inhibition constant (K_i) also supported that CEWM, PEWM and oleamide have the highest potent on AChE. CEWM, PEWM and oleamide showed fluorescence quenching by increasing the inhibitors' concentration against AChE and α-glucosidase. Docking analysis revealed that oleamide was located in peripheral anionic sites of AChE. The results suggest that edible wild mushrooms as the source of lipids related to AChE and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity might be applied for AD and DM management.