Large-scale production of tobacco generates significant amounts of waste, making the reuse and recycling of tobacco waste crucial for sustainability. However, the high diversity of tobacco metabolites requires a comprehensive analysis of tobacco waste extracts, so as to optimize extraction selectivity and recovery. In this study, we thoroughly analyzed the metabolic composition of 168 tobacco extracts using nontarget analysis. The extracts were derived from 56 tobacco wastes covering all four major tobacco types: flue-cured, dark air-cured, Burley, and Oriental tobaccos. From each sample, we obtained three types of extracts, such as concretes, absolutes, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) oils, through various extraction protocols. By matching deconvolved experimental MS/MS spectra with databases, 587 metabolites were putatively annotated, which were categorized into 24 groups, including alkaloids, indoles, and flavor compounds. The metabolic compositions of extracts from dark air-cured and Burley tobaccos were found to be similar, whereas flue-cured and Oriental tobaccos contained more diverse flavor components. Notably, concretes of various tobaccos prepared with 70 %-ethanol contained similar amounts of addictive alkaloids. However, the absolutes obtained by sequential extraction of these concretes with 95 %-ethanol effectively removed alkaloids while modestly maintaining the flavor compounds. Conversely, extraction protocols incorporating supercritical fluid extraction followed by 95 %-ethanol extraction resulted in the loss of most flavor compounds, likely due to the incompatibility between the solvents used in the two extraction steps. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that absolutes derived through secondary extraction with varying ethanol-water ratios holds significant potential for utilization.

28 Apr 2023·International journal of molecular sciences

A Study of the Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Michelia macclurei Dandy Heartwood: New Sources of Natural Antioxidants, Enzyme Inhibitors and Bacterial Inhibitors.

Article

Author: Wei, Bochen ; Fu, Yunlin ; Chen, Shixiang

The wood of Michelia macclurei Dandy (MD) is an excellent material that is widely used in the furniture, handicraft, and construction industries.However, less research has been conducted on the chem. composition and biol. activity of heartwood, which is the main valuable part of the wood.This study aimed to investigate the chem. composition and biol. activities of the heartwood of Michelia macclurei Dandy (MDHW) and to confirm the active ingredients.Triple quadrupole gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the volatile components of MDHW, while ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the non-volatile components (UPLC-MS).The total reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, and an antimicrobial test of 4 g bacteria were used to describe the in vitro bioactivities.The GC-MS anal. showed that the volatile components of MDHW were mainly fatty compounds and terpenoids, with sesquiterpenes and their derivatives dominating the terpene composition β-elemene was the main terpene component in the steam distillation (11.88%) and ultrasonic extraction (8.2%) methods.A total of 67 compounds, comprising 45 alkaloids, 9 flavonoids, 6 lignans, and others, were found by UPLC-MS anal.The primary structural kinds of the non-volatile components were 35 isoquinoline alkaloids.Alkaloids were the predominant active constituent in all MDHW extracts, including crude extracts, alkaloid fractions, and non-alkaloid fractions.These extracts all demonstrate some biol. effects in terms of antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and bacterial inhibition.The findings of this study show that MDHW is abundant in chem. structure types, has great bioactivity assessment, and has the potential to be used to create natural antioxidants, products that postpone Alzheimer's disease and lower blood sugar levels and antibacterial agents.

01 Apr 2021·Journal of Chromatography AQ2 · CHEMISTRY

Enabling the inclusion of non-hydrolysed sulfated long term anabolic steroid metabolites in a screening for doping substances by means of gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Q2 · CHEMISTRY

Article

Author: Polet, Michael ; Van Gansbeke, Wim ; Van Eenoo, Peter ; Albertsdóttir, Aðalheiður Dóra

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) publishes yearly their prohibited list, and sets a minimum required performance limit for each substance. To comply with these stringent requirements, the anti-doping laboratories have at least two complementary methods for their initial testing procedure (ITP), one using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the other using liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS). Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have in previous years consistently been listed as the most frequently detected class of compounds. Over the last decade, evidence has emerged where a longer detection time is attained by focusing on sulfated metabolites of AAS instead of the conventional gluco-conjugated metabolites. Despite a decade of research on sulphated AAS using LC-MS, no LC-MS ITP has been developed that combines this class of compounds with the other mandatory targets. Such combination is essential for economical purposes. Recently, it was demonstrated that the direct injection of non-hydrolysed sulfates is compatible with GC-MS. Using this approach and by taking full use of the open screening capabilities of the quadrupole time of flight MS (QTOF-MS), this work describes for the first time a validated ITP that allows the detection of non-hydrolysed sulfated metabolites of AAS while, simultaneously, remaining capable of detecting a vast range of other classes of compounds, as well as the quantification of endogenous steroids, as required for an ITP compliant with the applicable WADA regulations. The method contains 263 compounds from 9 categories, including stimulants, narcotics, anabolic androgenic steroids and beta-blockers. Additionally, the advantages of the new method were illustrated by analysing excretion samples of drostanolone, mesterolone and metenolone. No negative effects were observed for the conventional markers and the detection time for mesterolone and metenolone increased by up to 150% and 144%, respectively compared to conventional markers.

100 Deals associated with Dimefline Hydrochloride

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01288	Dimefline Hydrochloride	R07AB08	DB13482

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Respiratory Insufficiency	China	Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd.	-
Respiratory Insufficiency	China	Shanghai Ziyuan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	-

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