Delving into the Latest Updates on Brain Peptide with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms-

Target-

Mechanism-

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System Diseases

Active Indication

Alzheimer Disease

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization

Shanghai Chinatech Yingtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Active Organization

Shanghai Chinatech Yingtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Inactive Organization-

Drug Highest PhasePhase 1

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

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Brain enkephalin, vasopressin and oxytocin are anxiolytic agents involved in the stress response. Acute restraint stress influences certain neuropeptidase activities, such as some enkephalin-degrading peptidases and vasopressinase/oxytocinase, in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala (AM) or hippocampus (HC), which are involved in this response. Because these regions form a unified circuit and cooperate in their response to stress, it is important to analyze the profile of the regional distribution of these activities as well as their inter-regional model of interaction in this circuit. Regarding the regional study, although most activities showed a marked predominance of the AM over the HC and mPFC, both in control and stressed animals, enkephalin-degrading activity, assayed as membrane-bound alanyl aminopeptidase activity, showed a change after stress, increasing in the HC and decreasing in the AM. The correlational study in controls indicated essentially a positive interaction between the mPFC and AM. In marked contrast, there was a highly significant change in the functional status of this circuit after stress, showing mainly a positive correlation between the mPFC and HC and between the AM and HC. The existence of correlations does not demonstrate a direct relationship between regions. However, reasons for such strong associations after restraint stress should be examined. The present study may indicate a connection between neuropeptidase activities and their corresponding neuropeptidergic substrates due to significant changes in the functional status of the cortico-limbic circuit after restraint stress.

01 Jan 2009·NeuropsychobiologyQ4 · PSYCHOLOGY

Stress Influences Brain Enkephalinase, Oxytocinase and Angiotensinase Activities: A New Hypothesis

Q4 · PSYCHOLOGY

Article

Author: Hernandez, Joaquin ; Segarra, Ana B. ; Ramirez, Manuel ; Banegas, Inmaculada ; Duran, Raquel ; Alba, Francisco ; Prieto, Isabel ; Vives, Francisco ; de Gasparo, Marc

Brain enkephalin and oxytocin are anxiolytic agents involved in the response mechanism to stress. Degrading enzymes such as enkephalinase and oxytocinase could also be associated with this response. The effect of acute immobilization stress on enkephalinase and oxytocinase activities was determined in the soluble and membrane fractions of the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala using alanyl- and leucyl-beta-naphthylamide as substrates, the latter in the presence and absence of 20 m<i>M</i><i>L</i>-methionine. No change in aminopeptidase activities was observed in the prefrontal cortex of stressed rats. In contrast, enkephalinase activity decreased in the soluble fraction of the hippocampus but increased in the membrane fraction. In the amygdala, soluble oxytocinase and membrane enkephalinase activities decreased in stressed animals. These results show that acute immobilization stress affects differentially enkephalinase and oxytocinase activities depending on the fraction and brain region analyzed. A reduction in the activity of soluble enkephalinase in the hippocampus and soluble oxytocinase as well as membrane enkephalinase in the amygdala may suggest higher availability/longer action of enkephalin and oxytocin at these locations. This may explain the relative importance of these enzymatic activities in the anxiolytic properties proposed for enkephalins and oxytocin in the hippocampus and amygdala during stress conditions. This interpretation is not applicable to membrane enkephalinase activity in the hippocampus. However, alanyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolyzing activity not only measures enkephalinase activity, it also reflects the angiotensinase-induced metabolism of angiotensin III to angiotensin IV. Therefore, our results may also mirror an increase in the formation of Ang IV in hippocampus and a decrease in the amygdala in acute stress. In conclusion, aminopeptidase activities in the hippocampus and amygdala may affect enkephalin, oxytocin and angiotensin III metabolism during acute immobilization stress and therefore be involved in the anxiolytic response.

01 Jun 2000·Acta Biologica Hungarica

Membrane transduction pathway in the neuronal control of protein secretion by the albumen gland in Helisoma (Mollusca)

Article

Author: S. T. Mukai ; A. S. M. Saleuddin ; K. Almeida ; G. Hatiras

The albumen gland in Helisoma secretes a perivitelline fluid which surrounds each egg and is made up of several 66 kDa protein subunits and polysaccharide complexes. Forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, stimulated the secretion and release of the perivitelline fluid. An acidic extract of the central nervous system increased the intracellular concentration of cAMP in the albumen gland and this results in the release of the 66 kDa molecule and other proteins. Digestion of the brain extract with proteases abolished this activity, suggesting that the factor is a peptide. Cyclic AMP analogues and [BMX also stimulated the protein secretion in dose-dependent manner. Forskolin when added with the brain factor had an additive response. SQ22536, a non-competitive inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, inhibited brain extract dependent adenylate cyclase activity whereas aluminum fluoride, a G protein activator, was found to stimulate adenylate cyclase. Dopamine also stimulates protein secretion by the albumen gland and through the application of various agonists and antagonists of dopamine, it was established that the neurotransmitter acts via D1-like receptors by stimulating adenylate cyclase.

100 Deals associated with Brain Peptide

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R&D Status

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Alzheimer Disease	Phase 1	CN	Shanghai Chinatech Yingtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	-

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Clinical Result

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Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


ADA2023	Not Applicable	Hypoglycemia	-	Brain norepinephrine infusion	lvaywzadad(hzlqcbzulg) = boyyohmtvq jhfiwfsyox (czfcpjsjyy )	-	20 Jun 2023
				Brain control (ICV aCSF)	lvaywzadad(hzlqcbzulg) = ugnopfuenv jhfiwfsyox (czfcpjsjyy )