The emergence and rapid dissemination of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) pose a serious threat to public health. Antibiotic treatment failure of K. pneumoniae infections has been largely attributed to acquisition of antibiotic resistance and bacterial biofilm caused by the presence of antibiotic persisters. There is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents or therapy strategies to manage infections caused by these notorious pathogens. In this study, we screened a collection of compounds that can dissipate bacterial proton motive force (PMF) and intermediate metabolites that can suppress antibiotic tolerance, and identified an antifungal drug sulconazole which can act in combination with glucose or trehalose to exert strong antibacterial effect against starvation-induced CR-hvKP persisters. Investigation of underlying mechanisms showed that sulconazole alone caused dissipation of transmembrane PMF, and sulconazole used in combination with glucose or trehalose could significantly inhibit the efflux activity, reduce NADH and ATP levels, and cause intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CR-hvKP persisters, eventually resulting in bacterial cell death. These findings suggest that the sulconazole and glucose/trehalose combination is highly effective in eradicating multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae persisters, and may be used in development of a feasible strategy for treatment of chronic and recurrent K. pneumoniae infections.

14 Feb 2025·ACS ES&T Air

Properties of Surface-Active Organics in Aerosol Particles Produced from Combustion of Biomass Fuels under Simulated Prescribed-Fire and Wildfire Conditions

Author: Deegan, Ariana M. ; Liu, Pengfei ; Saleh, Rawad ; Frossard, Amanda A. ; Glenn, Chase K. ; O’Brien, Joseph ; Anosike, Anita ; Kumar, Kruthika ; El Hajj, Omar ; Abdurrahman, Muhammad ; Bai, Bin

The interfacial properties of the organic fraction of biomass burning aerosols (BBA), such as the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and surfactant composition, may vary based on the origin and moisture content of the fuel and the resulting combustion conditions.Surfactant composition, fraction of total particle mass, surface tension min., and CMC values of organics extracted from fresh and aged BBA produced using fuel beds from Georgia ecoregions (Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Blue Ridge) and with fuel moisture contents representative of prescribed fires or drought-induced wildfires were measured using high resolution mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and pendant drop tensiometry.Surface tension min. of organics extracted from all BBA were low (<45 mN m-1), and surfactants were ∼2% of the total particle mass.The surfactant fraction was tied to combustion conditions, with the highest fractions present in BBA produced from the most efficient (highest temperature) combustion.Aging of BBA using a potential aerosol mass oxidative flow reactor resulted in an increase in the surfactant fractions of total BBA mass.The dependence of the surfactant fraction on combustion conditions may have implications for the microphysics of BBA from wildfires and prescribed fires.

01 Jan 2025·Journal of Dental Sciences

Oral care methods to reduce salivary bacteria in infants undergoing cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial

Article

Author: Honda, Hiromi ; Yanagita, Kenichi ; Nose, Kanako ; Soutome, Sakiko ; Funahara, Madoka ; Aoki, Megumi ; Nakamichi, Atsuko

Background/purposeComplications, such as postoperative pneumonia, can occur after pediatric cardiac surgery; however, studies on related changes in perioperative oral bacterial counts are scarce. Herein, we investigated the changes in oral bacterial counts before and after surgery in infants who underwent cardiac surgery, as well as after oral care using an antiseptic mouthwash.Materials and methodsA total of 102 infants who underwent congenital heart disease surgery were enrolled in this study. Preoperative oral care was provided using water and a sponge brush. Bacterial cultures were used to determine salivary bacterial counts before and after oral care. Postoperatively, the infants were randomized into a water group (WA group), benzethonium chloride mouthwash group (BZ group), or povidone-iodine mouthwash group (PV-I group), and their salivary bacterial counts, before and after oral care, were measured.ResultsThe preoperative salivary bacterial colony counts did not change after oral care; however, the postoperative bacterial counts were significantly lower, possibly because of the use of systemic antibiotics. Bacterial counts before and after oral care were not significantly different between the WA and BZ groups; however, bacterial counts were significantly decreased in the PV-I group after oral care.ConclusionOverall, the results of this study show that systemic administration of antibiotics reduces postoperative salivary bacterial counts in infants undergoing cardiac surgery, and oral care with PV-I can further reduce bacterial counts.

100 Deals associated with Benzethonium Chloride

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Benzethonium Chloride	D08AJ08	DBSALT001519

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Disinfectants	Japan	Nippon Shika Yakuhin Co. Ltd.	31 Jul 1954

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