BACKGROUNDdiabetes is a serious health problem and a source of risk for numerous severe complications such as obesity and hypertension. Treatment of diabetes and its related diseases can be achieved by inhibiting key digestives enzymes-related to starch digestion secreted by pancreas.METHODSThe formulation omega-3 with fenugreek terpenenes was administrated to surviving diabetic rats. The inhibitory effects of this oil on rat pancreas α-amylase and maltase and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were determined.RESULTSthe findings revealed that administration of formulation omega-3 with fenugreek terpenenes (Om3/terp) considerably inhibited key enzymes-related to diabetes such as α-amylase activity by 46 and 52% and maltase activity by 37 and 35% respectively in pancreas and plasma. Moreover, the findings revealed that this supplement helped protect the β-Cells of the rats from death and damage. Interestingly, the formulation Om3/terp modulated key enzyme related to hypertension such as ACE by 37% in plasma and kidney. Moreover administration of fenugreek essential oil to surviving diabetic rats improved starch and glucose oral tolerance additively. Furthermore, the Om3/terp also decreased significantly the glucose, triglyceride (TG) and total-cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) rates in the plasma and liver of diabetic rats and increased the HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-Ch) level, which helped maintain the homeostasis of blood lipid.CONCLUSIONoverall, the findings of the current study indicate that this formulation Om3/terp exhibit attractive properties and can, therefore, be considered for future application in the development of anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and hypolipidemic foods.

01 Jun 2010·Journal of Pediatric SurgeryQ3 · MEDICINE

Endorectal pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease—a multicenter, long-term comparison of results: transanal vs transabdominal approach

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Jennifer N. Chamberlain ; Matthew D. Neal ; Brian T. Craig ; Patrick A. Dillon ; Erin K. Tkach ; Jacob C. Langer ; Cornelius E.J. Sloots ; Nicholas A. Hamilton ; David J. Hackam ; Daniel H. Teitelbaum ; Aimee C. Pastor ; Lingling Zhang ; Anne C. Kim ; Nicolaas M.A. Bax

PURPOSEPrevious studies have reported decreased continence in patients undergoing transanal endorectal pull-through (TERP) for Hirschsprung's disease compared to the older transabdominal approach (TAA). To address this, we examined long-term stooling outcomes in a large, multicenter cohort of patients undergoing either TERP or TAA.METHODSData were collected from 5 large pediatric institutions. Patient families were surveyed using a stooling score system (0-40, best to worst total score). Inclusion criteria included patients older than 3 years and those who had more than 6 months of recovery after pull-through. Those with total colonic aganglionosis were excluded. Statistical analysis included univariate and multivariate linear regression (significance, P < .05).RESULTSTwo hundred eighty-one patients underwent TERP (192) or TAA (89). Interviews were completed in 149 (104 [52%] TERP vs 45 [52%] TAA). The TAA group had a significantly greater number of daily bowel movements for each respective postoperative year and experienced more early complications (3% vs 1% with >1 complication; P = .061) and late complications (19% vs 4% with >1 complication; P < .001). Although the TAA group had a higher mean enterocolitis score (3.3 +/- 0.4 vs 1.8 +/- 0.2; P < .001), this was not borne out by multivariate regression analysis (P = .276). Parental survey showed that there were no significant differences between procedures in mean total, continence, or stooling pattern scores.CONCLUSIONTransanal endorectal pull-through was associated with fewer complications and fewer episodes of enterocolitis. In contrast to prior studies, TERP patients did not have a higher rate of incontinence. These results support use of TERP as an excellent surgical approach for children with Hirschsprung's disease.

PLoS ONEQ3 · CROSS-FIELD

The Antibacterial Protein Lysozyme Identified as the Termite Egg Recognition Pheromone

Q3 · CROSS-FIELD

ArticleOA

Author: Norimasa Kobayashi ; Shingo Tatsumi ; Toshihisa Yashiro ; Kenji Matsuura ; Takashi Tamura

Social insects rely heavily on pheromone communication to maintain their sociality. Egg protection is one of the most fundamental social behaviours in social insects. The recent discovery of the termite-egg mimicking fungus 'termite-ball' and subsequent studies on termite egg protection behaviour have shown that termites can be manipulated by using the termite egg recognition pheromone (TERP), which strongly evokes the egg-carrying and -grooming behaviours of workers. Despite the great scientific and economic importance, TERP has not been identified because of practical difficulties. Herein we identified the antibacterial protein lysozyme as the TERP. We isolated the target protein using ion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and the MALDI-TOF MS analysis showed a molecular size of 14.5 kDa. We found that the TERP provided antibacterial activity against a gram-positive bacterium. Among the currently known antimicrobial proteins, the molecular size of 14.5 kDa limits the target to lysozyme. Termite lysozymes obtained from eggs and salivary glands, and even hen egg lysozyme, showed a strong termite egg recognition activity. Besides eggs themselves, workers also supply lysozyme to eggs through frequent egg-grooming, by which egg surfaces are coated with saliva containing lysozyme. Reverse transcript PCR analysis showed that mRNA of termite lysozyme was expressed in both salivary glands and eggs. Western blot analysis confirmed that lysozyme production begins in immature eggs in queen ovaries. This is the first identification of proteinaceous pheromone in social insects. Researchers have focused almost exclusively on hydrocarbons when searching for recognition pheromones in social insects. The present finding of a proteinaceous pheromone represents a major step forward in, and result in the broadening of, the search for recognition pheromones. This novel function of lysozyme as a termite pheromone illuminates the profound influence of pathogenic microbes on the evolution of social behaviour in termites.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Nervous System Diseases	Preclinical	US	NanOlogy LLCStartup	-
Solid tumor	Preclinical	US	NanOlogy LLCStartup	-

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