Author: Li, Hongrong ; Jiang, Yuning ; Kang, Ning ; Li, Mengnan ; Li, Yawen ; Kang, Tianyu ; Lu, Xuan ; Zhang, Runtao ; Wang, Tongxing ; Shen, Xiaogang ; Guo, Zhifang ; Wu, Yiling ; Hou, Yunlong

BACKGROUND:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common and severe degenerative disorder of the central nervous system in the elderly, profoundly impacting patients' quality of life. However, effective therapeutic agents for AD are still lacking. Bazi Bushen capsule (BZBS) is a traditional Chinese herbal compound with potential neuroprotective effects, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

METHODS:

In this study, we utilized APP/PS1 transgenic mice to assess the therapeutic efficacy of BZBS. Initially, we evaluated the spatial learning and memory of the mice using the Barnes maze. The brain microcirculation was assessed through a small-animal ultrasound system, two-photon in vivo imaging, and micro-computed tomography angiography. Molecular, biochemical, and pathological analyses were conducted on brain tissues. Through network pharmacology, we identified potential intervention pathways and targets for BZBS in the treatment of AD, which we subsequently validated both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we employed molecular virtual docking screening and biolayer interferometry to elucidate the direct interactions of ginsenoside Rg5 and ginsenoside Ro in BZBS with AMPK and LKB1 proteins.

RESULTS:

The BZBS intervention significantly enhanced spatial learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice while decreasing Aβ deposition. Furthermore, BZBS protected cerebrovascular homeostasis and mitigated neuroinflammation, as evidenced by decreased blood-brain barrier permeability, increased expression of tight-junction proteins, and restored cerebral blood flow. Mechanistically, ginsenosides Rg5 and Ro in BZBS directly bind to AMPK and LKB1 proteins, activating the LKB1-AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway, promoting autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy, and alleviating oxidative stress damage in endothelial cells.

CONCLUSIONS:

BZBS enhances autophagy-related activity, decreases Aβ deposition, and improves endothelial cell homeostasis through the activation of the LKB1-AMPK-SIRT1 signaling pathway, ultimately leading to improved cognitive function in mice with AD. This study highlights the importance of enhancing autophagic activity and maintaining cerebrovascular homeostasis in mitigating cognitive decline in AD, providing evidence and new insights into the application of compound medicines for treating age-related neurological disorders.

01 May 2025·FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Ginsenoside Rg5 inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cell through cell cycle pathway

Article

Author: Yu, Lei ; Bi, Yunfeng ; Yin, Pei ; Wang, Heyu ; Mi, Qianwen ; Li, Qiuyang ; Wang, Qiannan ; Tong, Jian ; Sun, Hang ; Liu, Shuang

The issue of Cervical cancer has received considerable critical attention. It was the leading cause of death in female cancer patients. Ginsenoside Rg5 has been implicated in the growth of human cancer cells, but the lack of research to determine the influence mechanism has been a significant challenge for many years. In this study, ginsenoside Rg5 was used to treat HeLa cells, and RT-qPCR, Western Blotting and RNA-seq were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in HeLa cells to study the preliminary mechanism of ginsenoside Rg5 on cervical cancer. The results of RT-qPCR and Western Blotting were in agreement with RNA-seq analysis, which showed a down-regulation of proteins in the cell cycle pathway. These results all indicate that the expression of Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6 (MCM6), Cyclin A2 (CCNA2), Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) in HeLa cells treated with ginsenoside Rg5 is significantly reduced, with MCM6 exhibiting the most significant inhibitory effect, making it a potential target for the treatment of cervical cancer.

22 Apr 2025·ACS Omega

Oxidation and Hydrolysis of Ginsenoside Rg5: An Underestimated Degradation Pathway, Isolation, and Characterization of Unknown Degradation Products

Article

Author: Cheng, Leqin ; Tao, Yunqi ; Zhang, Yuewei ; Ye, Anqi

Ginsenoside Rg5, a secondary ginsenoside derived from the degradation of protopanaxadiol saponins, exhibits various pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and memory-enhancing effects, making it a promising candidate for natural medicine. However, research on the stability of Rg5, particularly in aqueous solutions, remains limited. This study systematically investigates the stability of ginsenoside Rg5 in water by monitoring its degradation over time under controlled conditions. The stability of the Rg5 aqueous solution was assessed by investigating the influences of temperature and time, employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to evaluate its degradation. The findings indicated substantial degradation of Rg5, with approximately 95% decomposition observed after a period of 10 days. The decomposition products were isolated using preparative liquid chromatography and identified through high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), NMR, and induced circular dichroism (ICD) analyses. A novel derivative was identified, and its degradation pathway was elucidated, encompassing oxidation, hydrolysis, and dehydration processes that culminated in the formation of four distinct stereoisomers. This study elucidates the instability of Rg5 in aqueous environments and offers significant insights into its decomposition mechanism. The findings emphasize the critical importance of optimizing storage conditions and minimizing exposure to water and oxygen to enhance the stability of Rg5, thereby advancing its potential applications in pharmaceutical development and storage.

News (Medical) associated with Ginsenoside Rg5

26 Jan 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Three Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis Studies Explore the Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Various Diseases

XI'AN, China, Jan. 26, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Despite demonstrating significant clinical efficacy against various diseases, the widespread use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is still limited. This is mainly due to the complexity in their formulation and lack of sufficient pharmacological and safety-related data. To address this gap, a new issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis presents three independent studies which assessed the potency of TCM-based compounds for various human diseases, along with their molecular mechanisms of action. Continue Reading Latest research unveils the potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds for the treatment of human diseases The accumulation of excess fat in the liver leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oridonin (ORI), a TCM derived from the Chinese herb Rabdosia rubescens, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. An article available online on 21 August 2023 and published in Volume 13, Issue 11 of the journal in November 2023, now reveals that ORI regulates lipid homeostasis in the liver by maintaining the balance between triglyceride (TG) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), through modulation of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (EPT1) expression via the liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) signaling pathway. "When the TG-PE lipid balance is disturbed, the seesaw tilts towards TG, increasing the risk of NAFLD. Restoring lipid homeostasis using compounds like oridonin can alleviate lipid accumulation and liver cytotoxicity," explains Professor Lan Tang. Tumor heterogeneity compromises the efficacy of radiotherapy for treating lung cancer. Radiosensitizers help prime tumor cells and improve their response to radiation. Now, in an article available online on 7 June 2023 and published in Volume 13, Issue 11 of the journal in November 2023, researchers found that ginsenoside Rg5 induced cell-cycle arrest and enhanced radiation-induced cell death. Ginsenoside Rg5 interacts with heat shock protein alpha (HSP90α) with high affinity and reduces the binding between HSP90 and cell division cycle 37 (CDC37), promoting HSP90-CDC37 client protein degradation. "Ginsenoside Rg5 can be potentially developed into a new drug for improving the sensitivity of lung cancer and other types of tumors to radiation therapy," the authors explain. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by the activation of oxidative stress pathways in response to high glucose. In a study available online on 12 May 2023 and published in Volume 13, Issue 11 of the journal in November 2023, researchers synthesized a polymeric drug complex by combining a natural flavonoid antioxidant known as dihydromyricetin (DMY) with iron (Fe) ions in nano-coordinated polymer particles (NCPs). Fe-DMY NCPs can alleviate glucose-induced oxidative damage and reverse the pathological features of DR by decreasing the expression of key proteins involved in microvascular dysfunction. Fe-DMY NCPs could also inhibit the activation of Poldip2-Nox4-H2O2 signaling pathway and down-regulate important vascular function indicators such as VCAM-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF. Explaining its applications, the authors say, "We report for the first time the synthesis and validation of ultra-small Fe-DMY NCPs. Fe-DMY complexes bear the potential to alleviate the impact of DR on vision, thus improving the quality of life of affected individuals." These studies provide a scientific basis for the development of TCM-based compounds into effective targeted therapies for various diseases. Reference Titles of original papers: Oridonin restores hepatic lipid homeostasis in an LXRa-ATGL/EPT1 axis-dependent manner Ginsenoside Rg5 enhances the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma via reducing HSP90-CDC37 interaction and promoting client protein degradation Nanoscale coordination polymer Fe-DMY downregulating Poldip2-Nox4-H2O2 pathway and alleviating diabetic retinopathy Journal name: Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis DOI: Media contact Mengjie Wang [email protected] Xi'an, China +86-(0)29-88960092 SOURCE Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis

100 Deals associated with Ginsenoside Rg5

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex	Preclinical	South Korea	Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine	01 Jul 2024
Glioblastoma	Preclinical	China	The First Hospital Of China Medical University	01 Jul 2024
Heart Diseases	Preclinical	China	Sichuan Cancer Hospital	24 May 2024
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis	Preclinical	China	Northwest University (China)	01 Feb 2024

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