BACKGROUNDIdentification of the factors that could potentially lead to congenital hearing loss is of paramount importance, as early detection of congenital hearing loss and intervention could prevent developmental delays in speech, language development as well as childhood cognitive impairment. Hitherto, intrauterine exposure to Zika virus has emerged as a cause of various fetal malformations, including cases of congenital hearing loss. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the association between intrauterine exposure to Zika virus and hearing loss in children.METHODSA systematic literature search was conducted to the databases PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, SciELO and Lilacs in order to identify studies that examine the association between prenatally Zika exposure and hearing loss within the first few years of life. Studies were eligible for inclusion, if solely objective methods for hearing evaluation of patients such as otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and/or auditory brainstem response (ABR) were used, in children who intrauterine exposed to the Zika virus.RESULTSThirteen studies were included, which included 1275 children who are prenatally exposed to Zika virus. In 852 of the cases an objective hearing evaluation was performed using either OAEs or ABR. 709 children were tested with ABR and 79 had a failed outcome. 143 children were tested with OAEs whilst of these, 30 had a failed outcome. Altered OAEs ranged from 8.7% to 30.2%, while altered ABR ranged from 0% to 19.9%. The initial sample includes 428 children with microcephaly, while 5 of the studies comprise microcephaly to the inclusion criteria.CONCLUSIONIt seems to be a possible association between prenatal Zika virus exposure and hearing loss in children during the first years of their life. It is of great importance that in future studies possible confounding factors, like microcephaly, will be appropriately controlled. Additionally, the follow-up period of monitoring hearing loss in children should be prolonged in order to identify potential late onset hearing problems caused by intrauterine exposure to Zika virus.

25 Jan 2021·Military MedicineQ4 · MEDICINE

Modeling Zika Vaccination Combined With Vector Interventions in DoD Populations

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Burgess, Colleen ; Huang, Cassie ; Nelis, Lis

ABSTRACTIntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) is a mild febrile illness generally transmitted via the bite of infected Aedes species mosquitoes, including Aedes aegypti, with the potential to cause neurological complications. Nearly 200 U.S. military installations are located within areas where Aedes mosquitos are found, putting thousands of personnel at risk for infection with ZIKV. This analysis aims to quantify the benefits of interventions, including vaccination, to decrease the risk of ZIKV on U.S. military installations.MethodsThe authors developed a dynamic transmission model to test the “effectiveness” of vaccination, personal protective measures (PPM), and mosquito control at reducing morbidity within U.S. military populations. ZIKV transmission was modeled as a compartmental susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model tracking interactions between humans and mosquitos and incorporating seasonality of mosquito populations and the potential for herd immunity. The model included two-dose vaccination as well as symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. The model was calibrated against 2016 public health data in Puerto Rico; sensitivity analyses were performed on model parameters and interventions.ResultsThe greatest reduction in total modeled ZIKV cases resulted from vaccination combined with mosquito control and PPM. All three interventions at their highest estimated level of efficiency reduced ZIKV cases by 99.9% over the baseline case of low-level adherence to PPM. The addition of vaccination had limited additional benefit over effective vector control and PPM since the significant lag to vaccine-induced protection limited effectiveness of vaccination.ConclusionsGiven the current vaccine, the model predicted that up to 92.8% of Zika cases occurring in deployment settings over a 10-year period could be prevented by adding vaccination to current low-level PPM. Combining vaccination with other interventions can reduce cases further. A location-specific cost-benefit analysis would be a valuable contribution to outbreak control policy as it could evaluate the economic impact of the interventions versus the reduced level of illness and downtime in this setting.

01 Feb 2020·Nature MedicineQ1 · MEDICINE

Potent Zika and dengue cross-neutralizing antibodies induced by Zika vaccination in a dengue-experienced donor

Q1 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Sankhala, Rajeshwer S ; Hernandez, Mayda ; Barranco, Elizabeth ; De La Barrera, Rafael A ; Dussupt, Vincent ; Zaky, Weam ; Doria-Rose, Nicole A ; George, Sarah L ; Larocca, Rafael A ; Joyce, M Gordon ; Koren, Michael ; Davidson, Edgar ; Brien, James D ; Doranz, Benjamin J ; Thomas, Rasmi ; Townsley, Samantha ; Georgiev, Ivelin S ; Berry, Irina Maljkovic ; Botero, Nubia ; Bryan, Aubrey L ; Donofrio, Gina ; Geretz, Aviva ; Mendez-Rivera, Letzibeth ; Bai, Hongjun ; Escuer, Ariadna Grinyo I ; Leggat, David J ; Cook, Tanya ; McCracken, Michael K ; Michael, Nelson L ; Rutvisuttinunt, Wiriya ; Frimpong, Justice Akuoku ; Smith, Darci R ; Barouch, Dan H ; Modjarrad, Kayvon ; Abbink, Peter ; Robb, Merlin L ; McDermott, Adrian B ; Liu, Jinyan ; Tran, Ursula ; Jian, Ningbo ; Kabra, Kareem ; Pinto, Amelia K ; Gromowski, Gregory D ; Hollidge, Bradley S ; Stephenson, Kathryn E ; Bias, Candace Hope ; Rolland, Morgane ; Jarman, Richard G ; Choe, Misook ; Krebs, Shelly J ; Setliff, Ian ; Eckels, Kenneth H

Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused significant disease, with widespread cases of neurological pathology and congenital neurologic defects. Rapid vaccine development has led to a number of candidates capable of eliciting potent ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies (reviewed in refs. ^1-3). Despite advances in vaccine development, it remains unclear how ZIKV vaccination affects immune responses in humans with prior flavivirus immunity. Here we show that a single-dose immunization of ZIKV purified inactivated vaccine (ZPIV)^4-7 in a dengue virus (DENV)-experienced human elicited potent cross-neutralizing antibodies to both ZIKV and DENV. Using a unique ZIKV virion-based sorting strategy, we isolated and characterized multiple antibodies, including one termed MZ4, which targets a novel site of vulnerability centered on the Envelope (E) domain I/III linker region and protects mice from viremia and viral dissemination following ZIKV or DENV-2 challenge. These data demonstrate that Zika vaccination in a DENV-experienced individual can boost pre-existing flavivirus immunity and elicit protective responses against both ZIKV and DENV. ZPIV vaccination in Puerto Rican individuals with prior flavivirus experience yielded similar cross-neutralizing potency after a single vaccination, highlighting the potential benefit of ZIKV vaccination in flavivirus-endemic areas.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Zika Virus Infection	Preclinical	Australia	Biotron Ltd.	16 Jun 2024

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