Chemical and structural quality traits during postharvest ripening regulated by chromosome segments from a wild relative of tomato Solanum pennellii IL4‐2 and IL5‐1

Q3 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

Article

Author: Uluisik, Selman

Tomato is usually harvested at an early ripening stage with high firmness suitable for storage and transportation but lacks many quality parameters such as sugars, organic acids, and phenolics. In a recent study, we have selected introgression lines (ILs) IL4-2 and IL5-1, developed from a cross between the Solanum pennellii and the Solanum lycopersicum M82, that exhibit differentiated postharvest shelf-life characteristics in the fruit compared to M82 and the rest of the ILs. Here, we first structurally and biochemically characterized IL4-2, IL5-1, and their parent M82 to decipher the cell wall mechanistic difference between soft (IL4-2) and firm (IL5-1) lines at two postharvest ripening periods. Generally, IL4-2 had more active cell wall modifications in terms of ripening-related gene expression, water-soluble pectin, and cell wall structure under the microscope, which probably makes this line softer than IL5-1. We also evaluated these lines based on commercial quality parameters, sugars, phenolics, organic, and amino acids to gain insight into their commercial and functional quality and reveal noticeable differences. In summary, the contribution of the S. pennellii IL5-1 and IL4-2 to the shelf life of the tomato was structurally characterized, and the component differences meeting the quality criteria were revealed.

01 Feb 2013·Molecular Plant PathologyQ1 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

Gene profiling in partially resistant and susceptible near‐isogenic tomatoes in response to late blight in the field

Q1 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

ArticleOA

Author: Myers, Kevin ; Cai, Guohong ; Smart, Christine ; Restrepo, Silvia ; Danies, Giovanna ; Zuluaga, Paola ; Fry, William

SummaryIn order to better understand resistance to Phytophthora infestans in tomato, we compared the global gene expression of the susceptible tomato, M82, with its more resistant near‐isogenic line, 6‐2 (IL6‐2), under field conditions using a microarray with more than 12 800 tomato expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Because variance in the field was a major concern, we investigated the likelihood of false positives or false negatives and demonstrated that either probability was very low. The two isolines had indistinguishable constitutive gene expressions prior to inoculation. However, a few genes were particularly prone to variation in both isolines in the absence of P. infestans. Included among these genes were catalase, genes coding for pathogenesis‐related proteins, endochitinase and cytochrome P450. In response to inoculation with P. infestans, a time course of gene expression identified 1248 transcripts that were similarly induced or repressed in each line, and 991 that were differentially expressed between the two lines. These differences provide hypotheses to explain the difference in resistance between the two isolines. For example, one hypothesis is that genes up‐regulated in IL6‐2 in response to inoculation with P. infestans, but not up‐regulated in M82, contribute to the resistance in IL6‐2. Using virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS), we were able to partially silence two such genes—one encoded a protein with homology to an R gene with the Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor–nucleotide‐binding site–leucine‐rich repeat (TIR‐NBS‐LRR) motif (37O19) and the other encoded a peroxisomal membrane protein (35P7). Partial silencing of 37O19 reduced the resistance in IL6‐2 (P = 0.001), but had no effect on the response of M82. Partial silencing of 35P7 reduced the resistance in IL6‐2 moderately significantly (P = 0.067), but had no effect in M82. We expect that hypotheses developed from this gene expression study performed under field conditions will provide an important avenue to an accurate understanding of the genes involved in resistance.

01 Feb 2011·Phytopathology®Q2 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

Strigolactone Deficiency Confers Resistance in Tomato Line SL-ORT1 to the Parasitic Weeds Phelipanche and Orobanche spp.

Q2 · AGRICULTURAL & FORESTRY SCIENCE

Article

Author: Dor, Evgenia ; Kapulnik, Yoram ; Hershenhorn, Joseph ; Yoneyama, Koichi ; Xie, Xiaonan ; Yoneyama, Kaori ; Koltai, Hinanit ; Wininger, Smadar

The parasitic flowering plants of the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche (broomrape species) are obligatory chlorophyll-lacking root-parasitic weeds that infect dicotyledonous plants and cause heavy economic losses in a wide variety of plant species in warm-temperate and subtropical regions. One of the most effective strategies for broomrape control is crop breeding for broomrape resistance. Previous efforts to find natural broomrape-resistant tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) genotypes were unsuccessful, and no broomrape resistance was found in any wild tomato species. Recently, however, the fast-neutron-mutagenized tomato mutant SL-ORT1 was found to be highly resistant to various Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. Nevertheless, SL-ORT1 plants were parasitized by Phelipanche aegyptiaca if grown in pots together with the susceptible tomato cv. M-82. In the present study, no toxic activity or inhibition of Phelipanche seed germination could be detected in the SL-ORT1 root extracts. SL-ORT1 roots did not induce Phelipanche seed germination in pots but they were parasitized, at the same level as M-82, after application of the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 to the rhizosphere. Whereas liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis of root exudates of M-82 revealed the presence of the strigolactones orobanchol, solanacol, and didehydro-orobanchol isomer, these compounds were not found in the exudates of SL-ORT1. It can be concluded that SL-ORT1 resistance results from its inability to produce and secrete natural germination stimulants to the rhizosphere.

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