Promazine Hydrochloride

Nickel oxide (NiOx) is commonly used as a holetransporting material (HTM) in p‐i‐n perovskite solar cells. However, the weak chemical interaction between the NiOx and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) interface results in poor crystallinity, ineffective hole extraction, and enhanced carrier recombination, which are the leading causes for the limited stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, two HTMs, TRUX‐D1 (N2,N7,N12‐tris(9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐5,5,10,10,15,15‐hexaheptyl‐N2,N7,N12‐tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐10,15‐dihydro‐5H‐diindeno[1,2‐a:1′,2′‐c]fluorene‐2,7,12‐triamine) and TRUX‐D2 (5,5,10,10,15,15‐hexaheptyl‐N2,N7,N12‐tris(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐N2,N7,N12‐tris(10‐methyl‐10H‐phenothiazin‐3‐yl)‐10,15‐dihydro‐5H‐diindeno[1,2‐a:1′,2′‐c]fluorene‐2,7,12‐triamine), are designed with a rigid planar C3 symmetry truxene core integrated with electron‐donating amino groups at peripheral positions. The TRUX‐D molecules are employed as effective interfacial layer (IFL) materials between the NiOx and MAPbI3 interface. The incorporation of truxene‐based IFLs improves the quality of perovskite crystallinity, minimizes nonradiative recombination, and accelerates charge extraction which has been confirmed by various characterization techniques. As a result, the TRUX‐D1 exhibits a maximum PCE of up to 20.8% with an impressive long‐term stability. The unencapsulated device retains 98% of their initial performance following 210 days of aging in a glove box and 75.5% for the device after 80 days under ambient air condition with humidity over 40% at 25 °C.

The use of dried urine spots (DUS) can simplify sample handling, shipment and storage when compared to liquid urine samples. To prepare DUS, a small amount of urine is pipetted on a filter paper card. The subsequent drying of the specimen can prevent the post-sampling formation or degradation of substances (e.g., caused by bacteria). To evaluate the potential of DUS screening, 17 authentic urine samples, containing a broad range of substances, were extracted and analyzed on a Sciex TripleTOF® 5600+ System using a non-targeted screening and library searching approach. The screening results were compared to the analysis of the same urine sample in liquid form, using the same high-resolution liquid chromatography--quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. More than 65 different legal and illegal drugs were successfully identified within the investigated 17 urine samples using the DUS screening approach. When compared to the analysis of liquid urine, the following compounds could not be identified: 1x ecgonine methyl ester, 1x nicotine, 1x promazine and 1x 11-nor-9-carboxy-∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Overall, 95.2% of the target substances that have been detected in liquid urine were identified correctly using the DUS approach. In conclusion, DUS screening offers a simple, cost-effective and easier sample handling alternative to the traditional use of liquid urine and provides the detection of the most important substances for forensic requirements. Furthermore, the DUS sample preparation can be fully automated (sample documentation, internal standard application and extraction).