Paclitaxel/Cisplatin

To analyze, appraise, and synthesize papers in which authors have compared the effects of chemotherapeutic toothpaste (CTP) and regular toothpaste (RTP) on plaque scores (PSs), gingival scores (GSs), and bleeding scores (BSs) in orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliances (FAs).

PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane-CENTRAL, and Embase databases were searched with predefined search terms until April 2024 for controlled or randomized controlled clinical trials aligning with the aim. In the eligible papers, risk of bias was evaluated, data of interest were extracted, and a descriptive analysis was performed. If possible, meta-analyses and subanalyses on specific factors were conducted. The quality of evidence and strength of the recommendation were rated.

In our search and selection, we obtained five papers describing eight comparisons. Potential risk of bias was assessed as some concerns to high, and heterogeneity was considered substantial. Descriptive analysis revealed no significant difference in PS and BS, with an improvement in GS favoring CTP. Meta-analyses of the end scores showed CTP significantly reduced PS (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.52, −0.01; P = .04). However, no significant effects were observed on GS and BS. These findings were supported by the subanalyses on CTP with chlorhexidine (CHX; PS: mean difference [MD] = −5.12; 95% CI = −10.08, −0.15; P = .04). The quality of evidence was graded as very low, and strength of the recommendation was judged as very weak.

For orthodontic patients with FAs, very weak certainty exists in recommending CTP (eg, with CHX) over RTP for use with toothbrushing. CTP may have a very small effect on PS and a small effect on GS.

Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and has been associated with reproductive dysfunction in women. In this study, the effects of citalopram on reproductive health in female rats were investigated. Albino Wistar rats was divided into six groups (each group/n = 12): healthy (HG), citalopram (CTP), cabergoline (CBR), metyrapone (MTP), cabergoline+citalopram (CBR+CTP), and metyrapone+citalopram (MTP+CTP). Initially, cabergoline 0.1 mg/kg and metyrapone 50 mg/kg were administered orally. A dose of 10 mg/kg of citalopram was given orally one hour later. For 30 days, the treatment protocol was applied once a day. Then, blood samples were taken from the tail veins of six rats from each group for prolactin and corticosterone analyses and ovaries were removed after euthanasia. The ovaries were examined for oxidants and antioxidants and histopathologically. During two months, the remaining animals were kept with male rats. The rats that did not deliver during this period were considered infertile. In terms of oxidants and antioxidants, there was no significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). In half of the female rats, citalopram caused infertility, increased levels of prolactin and corticosterone, and damaged the ovaries histopathologically (p < 0.05). Cabergoline suppressed the elevation of prolactin by citalopram (p < 0.001) but did not prevent infertility. In contrast, metyrapone significantly prevented the citalopram-induced increase in corticosterone, infertility, and tissue damage induced by citalopram (p < 0.05). According to the results of our study, the preventive effect of drugs that suppress excessive corticosterone on citalopram-induced infertility in rats may be encouraging for further clinical studies.