Non-targeted and targeted detection of hydrophilic compounds in fu brick tea: A study on samples from major Chinese production regions and different processing stages

Article

Author: Huang, Jianan ; Xu, Junren ; Yuan, Yong ; Yin, Feiyan ; Zhao, Mengmeng ; Li, Na ; Liu, Zhonghua ; Zhu, Mingzhi ; Zhao, Yiqiao ; Wang, Kunbo ; Chao, Jin

Systematic research is still lacking on the content of hydrophilic compounds in Fu Brick Tea (FBT) from major Chinese production regions and their variation patterns during the processing of FBT. This study utilized optimized non-targeted (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) and targeted (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) metabolomics to analyze 73 FBT samples from six regions of China and 30 samples from different stages of FBT processing. 573 and 74 hydrophilic compounds were respectively relatively and absolutely quantified for the first time. Among the 73 FBT samples, alkaloids were the most abundant (26221.76-36701.75 mg/kg), followed by soluble sugars (211372.59-26112.85 mg/kg), organic acids (17014.07-23589.20 mg/kg), amino acids (6664.59-9791.46 mg/kg), nucleotides (1020.33-2175.16 mg/kg), and nucleoside (650.86-1446.26 mg/kg). During the processing of FBT, sugars, acids, nucleotides, and nucleosides increased, while amino acids decreased, and alkaloids slightly increased. This study enhances the understanding of hydrophilic compounds in FBT.

01 Jan 2024·International journal of biological sciences

Theophylline derivatives promote primordial follicle activation via cAMP-PI3K/Akt pathway and ameliorate fertility deficits in naturally aged mice.

Article

Author: Zhang, Meijia ; Gao, Longwei ; Wei, Hongwei ; Hao, Tiantian ; Sun, Yan-Li ; Du, Yan ; Zhang, Wenbo ; Chen, Yuezhou ; Weng, Yashuang ; Zhang, Xiaodan ; Liang, Xiaoyan

In elderly women and patients with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), activating their remaining dormant primordial follicles in vivo is challenging. In this study, we found that phosphodiesterase (PDE) subtypes were expressed mainly in primordial follicle oocytes. The specific PDE inhibitors and theophylline derivatives (aminophylline, dyphylline, and enprofylline) activated primordial follicles in neonatal mice by ovary culture and intraperitoneal injection. These inhibitors also increased the levels of ovarian cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and oocyte phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt). The blockade of gap junctions using carbenoxolone (CBX) increased the levels of ovarian cAMP and pre-granulosa cell phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), suggesting that oocyte PDEs hydrolyze cAMP from pre-granulosa cells through gap junctions to maintain primordial follicle dormancy. Importantly, oral aminophylline improved ovulated oocyte quantity and quality, and increased offspring numbers in naturally aged mice. In addition, theophylline derivatives also activated human primordial follicles and increased p-Akt levels. Thus, theophylline derivatives activate primordial follicles by accumulating cAMP levels and activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in oocytes, and oral aminophylline increased fertility in naturally aged female mice by improving ovulated oocyte quantity and quality. As oral medications, theophylline derivatives may be used to improve fertility in elderly women and patients with POI.

01 Jul 2022·Food Science and Biotechnology

Influence of thermophilic microorganism on non-volatile metabolites during high-temperature pile-fermentation of Chinese dark tea based on metabolomic analysis

Article

Author: Xu, Wencan ; Chen, Wenjun ; Zhu, Wen ; Wang, Shengpeng ; Huang, Youyi ; Wang, Wenfeng ; Wu, Shuang

Pile-fermentation is a critical procedure for producing Chinese dark tea, during which thermophilic microorganisms would play an irreplaceable role. However, there have been little researches on the influences of thermophilic microorganism pile-fermentation (TMPF) in high-temperature of Chinese dark tea. Thus, we conducted high-performance liquid chromatography and nontargeted metabolomic to analyze the non-volatile metabolites of TMPF. Our results discovered that the amounts of ( -)-epigallocatechin gallate, ( -)-epigallocatechin, ( -)-epicatechin gallate, and ( -)-epicatechin were decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after TMPF. By using nontargeted metabolomic analysis, a total of 1733 ion features were detected. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that TMPF had a significant impact on caffeine metabolism. Also, theophylline, 3-methylxanthine, and 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid were increased significantly after TMPF, which suggested that demethylation and oxidation reaction might be the main pathways of caffeine metabolism. This study provides a better understanding of the mechanism of TMPF during high-temperature for Chinese dark tea and lays a foundation for further research.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01098-9.

100 Deals associated with Enprofylline

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Enprofylline	-	DB00824

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Acute asthma	Preclinical	Thailand	Mahidol University	01 Nov 1990
Lung Diseases, Obstructive	Preclinical	Canada	Toronto General Hospital	01 Feb 1990
Bronchial Diseases	Preclinical	United Kingdom	Southampton General Hospital	01 Jan 1989

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