This article engages with the intersections of reading, writing, and friendship (between the two authors). Specifically, we (re)trace conversations, presentations, notes, and text messages that have emerged since we (e.g., authors) have become thinking-friends and how we think about reading and its irrevocable relationship to writing. Using a range of books and a suite of theories associated with post-qualitative research, this article tempts readers/writers to consider—and perhaps (re)frame—reading/writing in three distinct ways: reading/writing as haunted, reading/writing as invitation, and reading/writing as provocation. Ultimately, we view this nomadic w(a/o)ndering about each register (e.g., reading, writing, and friendship) as being always-already emergent and not limited to strict temporal demarcations.

23 Apr 2025·Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Effect of beaver dam analogs (BDAs) on waterborne protozoal pathogens Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum

Article

Author: Loredo, Ariel I. ; Monohan, Carrie ; Graham, Nick ; Packham, Andrea ; Elliott, Stephanie ; Johnson, Skylar ; Yarnell, Sarah ; Smith, Woutrina A. ; Bird, Brian H.

ABSTRACT Installing beaver dam analogs (BDAs) in freshwater ecosystems is a process-based restoration technique mimicking natural beaver dams to increase stream channel complexity, floodplain connectivity, and hydrological residence time. BDAs have been applied in recent years by resource managers to improve riparian habitats with beneficial effects on ecosystem services, including improved water quality. While BDAs have been shown to reduce suspended sediments and nutrients in surface waters, research is needed to evaluate BDA effects on waterborne fecal pathogens such as Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. lamblia , G. intestinalis ) and Cryptosporidium parvum . At a California riparian field site, this study used an in situ release trial of inactivated protozoal (oo)cysts upstream of BDAs to compare the concentrations and loads detected above and below the BDAs. The median percent decrease in load-based recovery rates was 78% for G. duodenalis and 80% for C. parvum at sites with BDAs. Mixed-effect linear regression analyses showed a significant reduction (by 81%) of the G. duodenalis adjusted cyst concentrations in downstream surface waters at sites with BDAs compared to similar sites without BDAs. While a reduction of C. parvum oocysts was noted, it was not statistically significant. The improved surface water quality downstream of BDAs could be because the BDA structures promote hyporheic exchange and act as a passive filter to remove pathogenic protozoa from streams. If BDAs are used to aid the restoration of riparian meadow ecosystems to slow water and raise the water table, they may also help to promote cleaner and safer waters for communities downstream. IMPORTANCE Beaver dam analogs (BDAs) are a cost-effective, low-environmental impact technique for stream and riparian meadow restoration that provide a variety of beneficial ecosystem services; however, their impact on waterborne fecal protozoal pathogens has not been evaluated. This study used an in situ protozoal release trial to quantify the effect of BDAs on the load of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum in streams in California. Results showed that G. duodenalis concentrations below BDAs were significantly reduced by 81%. The median percent decrease in load-based recovery rates below a BDA for G. duodenalis and C. parvum was 78% and 80%, respectively. This finding indicates that BDAs may promote passive filtration of waterborne pathogens, thereby improving water quality in downstream reaches and adding to the beneficial outcomes associated with using BDAs in stream and meadow restoration efforts. The potential benefit to resource managers and communities is immense.

18 Apr 2025·Fostering Experiential Knowledge of Cultural Diversity Through Studying Abroad

A Journey of Connection and Purpose

Author: Ross, Carli B.

In The Power of Yes, Carli B. Ross reflects on her transformative experience teaching abroad in Reggio Emilia, Italy, and the journey that followed. This chapter explores the transformative potential of study abroad programs through the lens of a pioneering internship initiative. It recounts the journey of establishing a partnership with GAST Onlus, a nonprofit organization dedicated to adapted physical education, and the development of a hands-on international learning experience for students. Highlighting the logistical challenges, cultural adaptations, and professional growth of participants, the chapter underscores the importance of inclusivity, community building, and the role of physical activity in fostering empowerment for individuals of all abilities. It also illustrates how study abroad can transcend traditional education, cultivating resilience, empathy, and global perspectives in future professionals. Keywords: GAST Onlus, Reggio Emilia, Adapted Physical Education, Carli Ross, Kinesiology, Giacomo Cibelli, Gillette, USAC (University Study Abroad Consortium), CSU, Chico

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