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Last update 08 May 2025

DR1

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

down-regulator of transcription 1, DR1, NC2-BETA

+ [5]

Introduction

The association of the DR1/DRAP1 heterodimer with TBP results in a functional repression of both activated and basal transcription of class II genes. This interaction precludes the formation of a transcription-competent complex by inhibiting the association of TFIIA and/or TFIIB with TBP. Can bind to DNA on its own. Component of the ATAC complex, a complex with histone acetyltransferase activity on histones H3 and H4.

Drugs associated with DR1

DR1/DR4 program (Provid Pharma)

Target

DR1 x DR4

Mechanism

DR1 inhibitors [+1]

Active Org.

Provid Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Originator Org.

Provid Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Active Indication

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

100 Clinical Results associated with DR1

100 Translational Medicine associated with DR1

0 Patents (Medical) associated with DR1

1,480

Literatures (Medical) associated with DR1

01 Mar 2025·Plant Disease

First Report of Fusarium nirenbergiae Causing Rot of Potato in China

Article

Author: Ren, Maozhi ; Zhu, Tingting ; Li, Linxuan ; Wen, Lina

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third largest food crop globally following rice and wheat, which is consumed by more than 1 billion people worldwide (FAO 2024). In October 2022, tuber rot of potato (cv. Chuanyu-50) was observed in three adjacent indoor storage areas (about 1000 m2 per area) in Sichuan, China (103°10′ E, 30°54′ N), with an average incidence rate of 12%. Symptoms included tuber shrinkage, rot, and brown flesh. White hyphae were visible on the surface of the severely decayed tubers. Fifteen diseased tubers were collected from three areas (five per area). They were rinsed with sterile water and cut into pieces (3-5 mm thick, two pieces per tuber) at the boundary of the symptomatic area. The pieces were surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 1 min, rinsed five times with sterile water, placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 27°C in the dark. After 7 days, 24 of 30 isolates generated white to pale pink aerial hyphae on PDA. Macroconidia on carnation leaf agar were falcate, hyaline, one to five septate, and averaged 22 to 50 μm in length. Microconidia were hyaline, 0–1-septate, ellipsoidal to falcate, and smooth- and thin-walled. Chlamydospores were globose to subglobose, and 4–6 µm in diameter. These characteristics align with the description of Fusarium (Leslie and Summerell 2006; Lombard et al. 2019). Sequences of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α) (O’Donnell et al. 1998), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) (Badotti et al. 2017), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2, primers 5F2/7CR) (Liu et al. 1999 ) from three representative isolates DR-1, DR-5 and DR-6 were amplified, sequenced and deposited in GenBank (TEF1-α: PP795695, PP795696, and PP795697; ITS: PP794584, PP794585, and PP794586; RPB2: PP998061, PP998062, and PP998063). Polyphasic identification of the TEF1-α, ITS, and RPB2 sequences from the DR-1 showed 99.84%, 100%, and 99.54% similarity with sequences of F. nirenbergiae strain CBS 130301 (NRRL 26374) (GenBank nos. MH485017, MH865885, and MH484926) in the FUSARIOID-ID database, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated TEF1-α and RPB2 sequences using the maximum likelihood method assigned these isolates to the F. nirenbergiae clade. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on potato tubers (cv. Chuanyu-50). The epidermis of each tuber was slightly wounded using a sterile blade. Conidial suspension (1×106 conidia/ml; approximately 10 μl per tuber) of the isolate DR-1 was point-inoculated into the wounded tubers. Twenty tubers were inoculated with the DR-1 conidial suspension, while five noninoculated potato tubers injected with sterilized water as controls. Meanwhile, another isolate DR-5 was also point-inoculated into tubers in the same manner. After inoculation, the potato tubers were kept in a moist chamber at 25°C. All inoculated tubers rotted and turned brown with white hyphae after 15 days, and the necrotic area ranged from 40% to 60% in the inoculated tubers. However, the controls remained healthy. The pathogen was reisolated from the inoculated tissues but not from the control tubers. All pathogens reisolated from 10 inoculated tubers were F. nirenbergiae, and the identity was confirmed as described above. The experiments were repeated three times with similar results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. nirenbergiae causing rot of potato in China. These results will contribute to developing control strategies for F. nirenbergiae-induced potato disease.

01 Mar 2025·Poultry Science

Molecular characteristics of avian leukosis viruses isolated from indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China

Article

Author: Zhang, Shiyuan ; Zhang, Limei ; Yao, Rimei ; Luo, Shiyu ; Mu, Weiwu ; Zhang, Rongjie ; Yang, Liangyu ; Xu, Jiao ; Dong, Ling ; Xiang, Bin

Indigenous chicken breeds have a large market share in China due to their superior production traits, including high meat quality and disease resistance. Yunnan Province is recognized as a major source of domestic chickens globally and boasts a diverse array of indigenous chicken resources. Avian leukosis virus (ALV) induces various tumors and immunosuppression, endangering the poultry industry. However, the prevalence of ALV infection among indigenous chickens in Yunnan Province remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of ALV in these breeds. To this end, we collected 1,470 plasma samples from six indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan province, 309 of which tested positive. The results confirmed the presence of exogenous ALV in local chicken, with a positivity rate ranging from 8.20 %-41.46 %. Furthermore, eight exogenous ALV isolates were successfully identified: four ALV subtype J (ALV-J) strains, three ALV subtype A (ALV-A) strains and one ALV subtype B (ALV-B) strain. The four ALV-J strains share relatively high sequence identity (99.55 %-99.80 %) with the GX14ZS14 strain isolated from Guangxi in 2014 and was closely related to the prototype strain HPRS103 and belongs to clade 1.1. Several substitutions were observed in gp85 proteins in the three ALV-A and ALV-B strains isolated in this study. Additionally, the four ALV-J strains exhibited 203 bp deletions in the rTM and DR1 regions, a feature commonly observed in viruses in clades 1.2 and 1.3. Overall, this study confirmed the presence of multiple ALVs in these six indigenous chicken breeds from Yunnan Province. This study provides molecular characterization of ALV in indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan Province and provides a reference for the further eradication of ALV in China. The complex background of ALV infection highlights the urgent need for intensifying eradication efforts.

01 Feb 2025·Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

Tuning the optical and photophysical characteristics of DR1 through mixing with JGB

Article

Author: Ghazy, R. ; Ghazy, Ahmed R. ; Ghazy, R ; Ahmed, Samia ; Abdel Gawad, S A ; Abdel Gawad, S.A. ; El-Sharkawy, A N ; EL‑Sharkawy, A.N. ; Ghazy, Ahmed R ; Ashraf, Alaa ; EL-Sharkawy, A.N.

A dye mixture of Disperse red1 (DR1) and Janus green B (JGB) was prepared with different concentrations of the two dyes. The optical properties were studied for the two dyes and their mixtures in terms of the absorbance spectra. The direct optical energy gap in addition to the refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant and optical conductivity were estimated to the two dyes and their mixtures. The experimental energy gap was found to be 2.234 and 1.666 eV for DR1 and JGB respectively, while the values of the energy gaps for the mixtures were found to be ranging between these two values. On the other hand, the refractive index was found to be changed in a systematic way by changing the contents of the dye mixture. The same behavior was also observed for the dielectric constant and optical conductivity. The emission of the two dyes and their mixtures was studied in terms of fluorescence spectra using excitation wavelength of 300 nm where a change in the fluorescence intensity was observed by changing the contents of the mixture. Finally, TD-DFT simulations were performed for the two dyes and their mixture to study the electron density, electrostatic potential, energy gap and optical absorption spectrum and found to be compatible with the experimental measurements.

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DR1

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