PRTG

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

FLJ25756, IGDCC5, Protein Shen-Dan

+ [2]

Introduction

May play a role in anteroposterior axis elongation.

100 Clinical Results associated with PRTG

100 Translational Medicine associated with PRTG

0 Patents (Medical) associated with PRTG

Literatures (Medical) associated with PRTG

01 Feb 2025·Heliyon

Identification of blood plasma protein ratios for distinguishing Alzheimer's disease from healthy controls using machine learning

Article

Author: Melikechi, Omar ; Giunti, Elisa ; Melikechi, Noureddine ; Xia, Weiming ; Safi, Ali

Early detection of Alzheimer's disease is essential for effective treatment and the development of therapies that modify disease progression. Developing sensitive and specific noninvasive diagnostic tools is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and advancing our understanding of this condition. Liquid biopsy techniques, especially those involving plasma biomarkers, provide a promising noninvasive method for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. In this study, we analyzed the plasma proteomic profiles of 38 healthy individuals, with an average age of 66.5 years, and 22 patients with Alzheimer's disease, with an average age of 79.7 years. Proteins in the plasma were quantified using specialized panels designed for proteomic extension assays. Through computational analysis using a linear support vector machine algorithm, we identified 82 differentially expressed proteins between the two groups. From these, we calculated 6642 possible protein ratios and identified specific combinations of these ratios as significant features for distinguishing between individuals with Alzheimer's disease and healthy individuals. Notably, the protein ratios kynureninase to macrophage scavenger receptor type 1, Neurocan to protogenin, and interleukin-5 receptor alpha to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha 1 achieving accuracy up to 98 % in differentiating between the two groups. This study underscores the potential of leveraging protein relationships, expressed as ratios, in advancing Alzheimer's disease diagnostics. Furthermore, our findings highlight the promise of liquid biopsy techniques as a noninvasive and accurate approach for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease using blood plasma.

01 Aug 2024·Cell

Early rhombic lip Protogenin+ve stem cells in a human-specific neurovascular niche initiate and maintain group 3 medulloblastoma

Article

Author: Nakashima, Takuma ; Pallota, Jonelle G ; Ly, Michelle ; Delaidelli, Alberto ; Kharas, Kaitlin ; Bryant, Andrew ; Shin, Seungmin ; MichaelRaj, Antony K ; Livingston, Bryn G ; Wang, Hao ; Richman, Cory M ; Rasnitsyn, Alexandra ; Zhang, Jiao ; Lee, John J Y ; Millman, Jake ; Vladoiu, Maria C ; Golser, Joseph ; Haldipur, Parthiv ; Ahmed, Nabil ; Schramek, Daniel ; Funakoshi, Yusuke ; Visvanathan, Abhirami ; Chen, Chuan ; Abeysundara, Namal ; Wu, Xujia ; Sorensen, Poul H ; Patil, Vikas ; Dimitrov, Dimiter S ; Daniels, Craig ; Haapasalo, Joonas ; Orisme, Wilda ; Fong, Vernon ; Ong, Winnie ; Silvestri, Evelina ; Sirbu, Olga ; Dunham, Christopher ; Saulnier, Olivier ; Suzuki, Hiromichi ; Bashardanesh, Zahedeh ; Razavi, Ferechte ; Kameda-Smith, Michelle M ; Taylor, Michael D ; Ellison, David W ; Van Ommeren, Randy ; Millen, Kathleen J ; Bhaduri, Aparna ; Huang, Ning ; Hendrikse, Liam D ; Balin, Polina ; Weiss, William A ; Garzia, Livia ; Wechsler-Reya, Robert J ; Erickson, Anders W ; Li, Wei ; Stein, Lincoln D ; Wu, Xiaochong ; Rich, Jeremy N ; Suárez, Raúl A ; Douglas, Tajana ; Worme, Samantha ; Dirks, Peter ; Kleinman, Claudia L ; Aldinger, Kimberly A ; Jabado, Nada

We identify a population of Protogenin-positive (PRTG^+ve) MYC^high NESTIN^low stem cells in the four-week-old human embryonic hindbrain that subsequently localizes to the ventricular zone of the rhombic lip (RL^VZ). Oncogenic transformation of early Prtg^+ve rhombic lip stem cells initiates group 3 medulloblastoma (Gr3-MB)-like tumors. PRTG^+ve stem cells grow adjacent to a human-specific interposed vascular plexus in the RL^VZ, a phenotype that is recapitulated in Gr3-MB but not in other types of medulloblastoma. Co-culture of Gr3-MB with endothelial cells promotes tumor stem cell growth, with the endothelial cells adopting an immature phenotype. Targeting the PRTG^high compartment of Gr3-MB in vivo using either the diphtheria toxin system or chimeric antigen receptor T cells constitutes effective therapy. Human Gr3-MBs likely arise from early embryonic RL^VZ PRTG^+ve stem cells inhabiting a specific perivascular niche. Targeting the PRTG^high compartment and/or the perivascular niche represents an approach to treat children with Gr3-MB.

01 Jan 2023·Brain communications

Proteomics and relationship with axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis: 5-year diffusion tensor imaging study.

Article

Author: Bergsland, Niels ; Dwyer, Michael G ; Leyden, Kelly ; Qureshi, Ferhan ; Jakimovski, Dejan ; Gehman, Victor ; Ramanathan, Murali ; Keshavan, Anisha ; Weinstock-Guttman, Bianca ; Zivadinov, Robert

Blood-based biomarkers can be economic and easily accessible tools for monitoring and predicting disease activity in multiple sclerosis. The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of a multivariate proteomic assay for concurrent and future microstructural/axonal brain pathology in a longitudinal study of a heterogeneous group of people with multiple sclerosis. A proteomic analysis was obtained on serum samples from 202 people with multiple sclerosis (148 relapsing-remitting and 54 progressive) at baseline and 5-year follow-up. The concentration of 21 proteins related to multiple pathways of multiple sclerosis pathophysiology was derived using Proximity Extension Assay on the Olink platform. Patients were imaged on the same 3T MRI scanner at both timepoints. Тhe rate of whole brain, white matter and grey matter atrophy over the 5-year follow-up was determined using the multi-timepoint Structural Image Evaluation, using Normalisation, of Atrophy algorithms. Lesion burden measures were also assessed. The severity of microstructural axonal brain pathology was quantified using diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity of normal-appearing brain tissue, normal-appearing white matter, grey matter, T2 and T1 lesions were calculated. Age, sex and body mass index-adjusted step-wise regression models were used. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was the most common and highest-ranked proteomic biomarker associated with greater concurrent microstructural central nervous system alterations (P < 0.001). The rate of whole brain atrophy was associated with baseline levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, protogenin precursor, neurofilament light chain and myelin oligodendrocyte (P < 0.009), whereas grey matter atrophy was associated with higher baseline neurofilament light chain, higher osteopontin and lower protogenin precursor levels (P < 0.016). Higher baseline glial fibrillary acidic protein level was a significant predictor of future severity of the microstructural CNS alterations as measured by normal-appearing brain tissue fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity (standardized β = -0.397/0.327, P < 0.001), normal-appearing white matter fractional anisotropy (standardized β = -0.466, P < 0.0012), grey matter mean diffusivity (standardized β = 0.346, P < 0.011) and T2 lesion mean diffusivity (standardized β = 0.416, P < 0.001) at the 5-year follow-up. Serum levels of myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, neurofilament light chain, contactin-2 and osteopontin proteins were additionally and independently associated with worse concomitant and future axonal pathology. Higher glial fibrillary acidic protein levels were associated with future disability progression (Exp(B) = 8.65, P = 0.004). Multiple proteomic biomarkers are independently associated with greater severity of axonal brain pathology as measured by diffusion tensor imaging in multiple sclerosis. Baseline serum glial fibrillary acidic protein levels can predict future disability progression.

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