SPON2

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

Differentially expressed in cancerous and non-cancerous lung cells 1, DIL-1, DIL1

+ [4]

Introduction

Cell adhesion protein that promotes adhesion and outgrowth of hippocampal embryonic neurons. Binds directly to bacteria and their components and functions as an opsonin for macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria. Essential in the initiation of the innate immune response and represents a unique pattern-recognition molecule in the ECM for microbial pathogens (By similarity). Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

100 Clinical Results associated with SPON2

100 Translational Medicine associated with SPON2

0 Patents (Medical) associated with SPON2

149

Literatures (Medical) associated with SPON2

24 Apr 2025·Nature

Spatial immune scoring system predicts hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence

Article

Author: Zhang, Yongchang ; Liu, Yao ; Tao, Qingping ; Goh, Denise ; Umar, Ahitsham ; Lim, Jeffrey Chun Tatt ; Hao, Shuxia ; Ding, Chen ; Dai, Tianli ; Liu, Lianxin ; Jia, Gengjie ; Yeong, Joe ; Sun, Mengyuan ; Li, Fuling ; He, Peiqi ; Wang, Jiabei ; Nashan, Björn ; Wang, Wei ; Wee, Felicia ; Lim, Tony Kiat Hon ; Sun, Cheng ; Ngo, Nye-Thane

Given the high recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post-resection^1-3, improved early identification of patients at high risk for post-resection recurrence would help to improve patient outcomes and prioritize healthcare resources^4-6. Here we observed a spatial and HCC recurrence-associated distribution of natural killer (NK) cells in the invasive front and tumour centre from 61 patients. Using extreme gradient boosting and inverse-variance weighting, we developed the tumour immune microenvironment spatial (TIMES) score based on the spatial expression patterns of five biomarkers (SPON2, ZFP36L2, ZFP36, VIM and HLA-DRB1) to predict HCC recurrence risk. The TIMES score (hazard ratio = 88.2, P < 0.001) outperformed current standard tools for patient risk stratification including the TNM and BCLC systems. We validated the model in 231 patients from five multicentred cohorts, achieving a real-world accuracy of 82.2% and specificity of 85.7%. The predictive power of these biomarkers emerged through the integration of their spatial distributions, rather than individual marker expression levels alone. In vivo models, including NK cell-specific Spon2-knockout mice, revealed that SPON2 enhances IFNγ secretion and NK cell infiltration at the invasive front. Our study introduces TIMES, a publicly accessible tool for predicting HCC recurrence risk, offering insights into its potential to inform treatment decisions for early-stage HCC.

01 Mar 2025·American Journal of Reproductive Immunology

Finding Potential Drug Targets for Pre‐Eclampsia Using Mendelian Randomisation and Colocalisation Analysis

Article

Author: Zhao, Tingting ; Wu, Chengqian ; Pan, Yingzi ; Ji, Xiaohong ; Xu, Yuexin ; Miao, Jiayan

ABSTRACTIntroductionPre‐eclampsia (PE) is a common complication of pregnancy and there is an urgent need for new drug targets. We performed whole proteome‐wide Mendelian randomisation (MR) and colocalisation analyses to identify potential therapeutic targets for PE.Material and MethodsA two‐sample MR study was conducted using summary‐level statistics of 734 plasma proteins retrieved from large genome‐proteome‐wide association studies. The summary statistics of PE or eclampsia were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Wald ratio and Inverse variance weighted (IVW) were used to assess the causal association between proteins and PE. Colocalisation analyses were conducted to examine whether the identified proteins and PE shared incidental variants.ResultsGenetically predicted circulating levels of 42 proteins were associated with PE risk after Benjamini‐Hochberg correction. Nineteen of the gene‐predicted proteins showed evidence of increased PE risk (CRELD1, CPA4, AHSG, NFASC, QDPR, NTM, PZP, FAM171B, RTN4R, FLRT2, ADH4, ADM, SPINK5, LGALS4, CKM, SPON2, UROS, CXCL10 and APOBEC3G); 23 proteins reduced the risk of PE (CLIC5, NEO1, SWAP70, KLK8, VWA2, FSTL1, CXCL11, APOB, NPPB, CNTN4, IL12B, ACHE, TCN1, GFRA2, GNMT, HPGDS, DPT, MANBA, SPARCL1, ACE, FUT8, BST1 and ACP1). Bayesian colocalisation indicated that six proteins (VWA2, ACHE, CXCL10, PZP, AHSG and UROS) and PE, which were identified as high evidence of colocalisation with PE.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the causal association between genetically predicted 42 proteins associated with PE risk, which might be promising drug targets for PE.

13 Feb 2025·The Plant Cell

Maize COMPACT PLANT 3 regulates plant architecture and facilitates high-density planting

Article

Author: Zhang, Zuxin ; Qiu, Fazhan ; Zhang, Han ; Deng, Hua ; Sheng, Huangjun ; Yang, Fang

AbstractCompact plant architecture allows more efficient light capture under higher planting density. Thus, it is a crucial strategy for improving crop yield, particularly in maize (Zea mays L.). Here, we isolated a maize gene, COMPACT PLANT 3 (CT3), regulating plant architecture, using map-based cloning. CT3, encoding a GRAS protein, interacts with an AP2 transcription factor (TF), DWARF AND IRREGULAR LEAF 1 (DIL1). The genetic analysis showed that CT3 and DIL1 regulate leaf angle and plant height via the same pathway, supporting the biological role of their interaction by forming a complex. Transcriptome and DNA profiling analyses revealed that these 2 TFs share many common target genes. We further observed that CT3 functions as a co-regulator to enhance the DNA affinity and transcriptional activity of DIL1. This finding was further supported by the direct binding of DIL1 to 2 cell wall-related genes, ZmEXO1 and ZmXTH14, which were downregulated in the ct3 mutant. Furthermore, ZmEXO1 regulated plant architecture in a manner similar to CT3- and DIL1-mediated regulation. Zmexo1, ct3, and dil1 mutants showed defective cell wall integrity and had reduced cell wall-related components. The introduction of the ct3 or dil1 mutant allele into elite maize hybrids led to a more compact architecture and increased yield under high planting density. Our findings reveal a regulatory pathway of maize plant architecture and provide targets to increase yield under high planting density.

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SPON2

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