PROK2

Last update 08 May 2025

Basic Info

Synonyms

BV8, KAL4, MIT1

+ [5]

Introduction

May function as an output molecule from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that transmits behavioral circadian rhythm. May also function locally within the SCN to synchronize output. Potently contracts gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle.

100 Clinical Results associated with PROK2

100 Translational Medicine associated with PROK2

0 Patents (Medical) associated with PROK2

479

Literatures (Medical) associated with PROK2

01 Apr 2025·Archives of Medical Research

Identifying Genetic Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Observational Case-Control Study

Article

Author: Osman, Malina Binti ; Ling, King-Hwa ; Heidarzadehpilehrood, Roozbeh ; Pirhoushiaran, Maryam ; Hamid, Habibah Abdul

BACKGROUNDPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and reproductive condition affecting women of reproductive age, although its expression profiles and molecular pathways are not fully understood.AIMSTo identify the transcriptome expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in women with PCOS and controls. To investigate noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and potential treatment targets to improve women's fertility.METHODSRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted on PBMC samples from six patients with PCOS and six healthy controls. qRT-PCR validation was carried out in 68 subjects. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the combined impact of biomarkers.RESULTSA total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were found between patients and controls (log₂FC >1, p <0.05). Enrichment analysis revealed cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, cytokine activity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. RNA sequencing showed consistency with qRT-PCR. Women with PCOS had significantly higher levels of AQP9 (p <0.001), PROK2 (p = 0.001), and S100A12 (p <0.001) expression compared to controls. AQP9 (AUC = 0.77), PROK2 (AUC = 0.71), and S100A12 (AUC = 0.82) adequately discriminated women with PCOS from healthy controls. In addition, multiple logistic regression on biomarkers resulted in a significant diagnostic power with an AUC = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.97, p <0.0001. Further associations were analyzed between relative gene expression and clinical, anthropometric, hormonal, and ultrasonographic data.CONCLUSIONSDysregulated RNA expression in PBMCs may contribute to an increased risk of PCOS and serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker. The involvement of inflammatory and cytokine-related pathways supports the notion that PCOS is a chronic inflammatory condition.

01 Apr 2025·Tissue and Cell

Possible therapeutic effects of PROK2 in testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury: A preclinical study in Wistar albino rats

Article

Author: Yilmaz, Nesibe ; Gul, Semir ; Tanbek, Kevser ; Uysal, Ilayda ; Yilmaz, Umit

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of PROK2 on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and tissue damage caused by ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) in testicular tissue. A total of 48 prepubertal male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: sham, testicular torsion/detorsion (TTD), testicular torsion + PROK2 + detorsion (TT + PROK2 + TD), and testicular torsion/detorsion + PROK2 (TTD + PROK2) (n = 12). Testicular torsion/detorsion surgeries (2 hours of torsion followed by 24 hours of detorsion) were performed on all groups except the sham group. The TT + PROK2 + TD group received a single dose of PROK2 (60 nmol/kg) intraperitoneally 30 minutes before the end of torsion, while the TTD + PROK2 group received a single dose of PROK2 (60 nmol/kg) at the beginning of detorsion. Subsequently, biochemical parameters (serum testosterone level, total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant capacity (TOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in testicular tissue), as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical changes, were evaluated. In TTD, a significant decrease was observed in testosterone and TAS levels, while there was an increase in TOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. PROK2 treatment reduced inflammatory parameters and enhanced antioxidant parameters and testosterone levels. Additionally, a low Johnsen's score and spermatogonia count in the TTD group improved with PROK2 treatment. We concluded that PROK2, by exhibiting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, may have a therapeutic effect on I/R-induced tissue damage in testicular tissue.

31 Mar 2025·The FASEB Journal

Neurokinin 3 receptor agonist senktide stimulates GnRH release in isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism mice

Article

Author: Liu, Lin ; Li, Yuting ; Yang, Chunlin ; Chen, Zhiheng ; Tan, Shan ; Xiong, Menglong

AbstractIsolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is caused by defective gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion or action, resulting in absent or incomplete pubertal development and infertility. However, the pathogenesis mechanism of IHH is not fully understood. This study utilized PROK2/PROKR2 knockdown mice and GT1‐7 cells to investigate the effects and potential mechanismsof the NK3R agonist senktide on GnRH deficiency and related syndromes. In this investigation, PROK2/PROKR2 knockdown resulted in a deficiency of GnRH neurons, reduced levels of LSH, FSH, and E2, and the inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways in mice. However, this effect was reversed by senktide. Furthermore, the inhibition of MAPK/ERK or PI3K/AKT signaling pathways counteracted the remission of the GnRH insufficiency and associated syndrome by senktide in mice with PROK2/PROKR2 knockdown. In summary, NK3R agonist senktide alleviated the GnRH insufficiency and related syndromes caused by PROK2/PROKR2 knockdown via the MAPK/ERK pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathway.

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