AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial enzyme that plays a central role in regulating energy balance within the human body.
It is composed of three proteins (subunits), which together constitute a functional enzyme. It acts as a metabolic master switch, sensing and responding to changes in cellular energy levels. When energy levels are low, AMPK is activated, leading to increased energy production and conservation. This activation promotes glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, while inhibiting energy-consuming processes such as protein synthesis. AMPK also regulates appetite and metabolism, making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
AMPK acts as a major metabolic switch regulating several intracellular systems, including the cellular uptake of glucose, the β-oxidation of fatty acids, and the biogenesis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and mitochondria.
According to Patsnap Synapse, as of 27 Sep 2023, there are a total of 119 AMPK drugs worldwide, from 143 organizations, covering 79 indications, and conducting 3048 clinical trials.
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The analysis of the current competitive landscape of target AMPK reveals that multiple companies are actively involved in the research and development of drugs targeting AMPK. The highest stage of development is the approved phase, with small molecule drugs being the most prominent drug type. The indications for approved drugs under the target AMPK cover a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. China is emerging as a major player in the development of drugs targeting AMPK, with a significant number of approved drugs. The future development of target AMPK is expected to continue with a focus on small molecule drugs and expanding indications for approved drugs.