Toxoids and antitoxins are distinct biological products used to prevent and treat toxin-related bacterial diseases, differing in origin, preparation, and function.

The main differences between IIT (Investigator Initiated Trial) clinical trials and other types of clinical trials lie in aspects such as the initiator, purpose, funding source, and regulatory requirements.

RSV stands for Respiratory Syncytial Virus, a common virus that can cause respiratory infections ranging from mild to severe.

The EU's pharmaceutical regulatory system is a complex, multi-layered network with various agencies working together to safeguard the safety, efficacy, and quality of medicines in the European Economic Area.

Both the GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) systems in China and the United States aim to ensure quality control and safety in pharmaceutical production.

The "Berlin Patient" refers to Timothy Ray Brown, an American man who was known as the first person to be cured of HIV/AIDS.

Recurrence-free survival (RFS) is a clinical endpoint used in oncology to measure the effectiveness of cancer treatments.

EMA (European Medicines Agency) and HMA (Heads of Medicines Agencies) are two distinct organizations that play vital roles in the regulation of medicinal products, but their functions and scopes differ.

An immunosuppressant is a type of medication that suppresses or reduces the strength of the immune system.

Drug stability testing is a critical part of pharmaceutical development that assesses the physical, chemical, and microbiological stability of a drug product under various storage conditions over time.

Herbal medicine preparation refers to the process of transforming plant materials—such as leaves, flowers, seeds, roots, and bark—into forms that can be used for therapeutic purposes.

Microparticle technology refers to the creation and application of tiny particles with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to a few micrometers.