Migraine Disorders

TNX-801 is a single-dose, live virus vaccine in development to protect against mpox and smallpox TNX-801 protects immunocompromised animals from a lethal challenge with clade IIa monkeypox virus Durability of TNX-801 vaccination shown by six-month protection of animals from a lethal challenge with rabbitpox Tolerability of TNX-801 demonstrated in immunocompromised animals by no spreading to blood or tissues, even at high doses April 24, 2025 -- Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (Nasdaq: TNXP) (Tonix or the Company), a fully-integrated biopharmaceutical company with marketed products and a pipeline of development candidates, presented data in an oral presentation at the World Vaccine Congress Washington 2025, held April 21-24, 2025, in Washington, D.C. The presentation titled, “A Novel Single-Dose, Attenuated Live, Minimally Replicative Mpox Vaccine”, highlighted positive preclinical efficacy data, demonstrating that TNX-801 protected animals from mpox and rabbitpox and was well tolerated, even in immunocompromised animals. A copy of the Company’s presentation is available under the Scientific Presentations tab of the Tonix website at www.tonixpharma.com. “TNX-801 shows promise as a potential mpox and smallpox vaccine by providing protective immunity to animals with a single-dose,” said Seth Lederman, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of Tonix Pharmaceuticals. “TNX-801 was generally well tolerated, even in immunocompromised animals. The new data show durable six-month protection against a lethal challenge with rabbitpox virus and protection of immunocompromised animals against a lethal challenge with monkeypox clade IIa virus. These new data build upon prior studies showing protection of animals against a lethal challenge with intratracheal clade Ia mpox virus. In all of these studies, after a single dose vaccination, TNX-801 prevented both clinical disease and formation of lesions.” Dr. Lederman continued, “The ongoing clade IIb mpox epidemic that started in 2022, and the more recent and ongoing clade Ib mpox epidemic, highlight the need for additional vaccine options, particularly single-dose options. Both the 2022 clade IIb and the 2024 clade Ib mpox epidemics have been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be Public Health Emergencies of International Concern (PHEICs). We believe TNX-801 has the potential to make an impact towards preventing mpox and controlling future mpox epidemics.” TNX-801 is a minimally replicative, live-virus vaccine based on synthesized horsepox that has been shown to provide single-dose immune protection against a monkeypox challenge with better tolerability than 20th century vaccinia live-virus vaccines in animals. In September 2024, Tonix announced that the WHO’s preferred target product profile (TPP), released at the WHO sponsored Mpox Research and Innovation Scientific Conference, aligns with the characteristics of TNX-801. Key elements of the WHO draft TPP include single-dose, durable protection, administration without special equipment, and stability at ambient temperature. Other potential beneficial characteristics include the ability to limit forward transmission, use in case-contact vaccination strategies and suitability for use in immunocompromised individuals. TNX-801 (recombinant horsepox virus) is a single-dose, attenuated, minimally replicative, live virus vaccine based on horsepox in pre-clinical development to prevent mpox and smallpox. Tonix reported positive preclinical efficacy data, demonstrating that TNX-801 vaccination protected non-human primates against lethal challenge with monkeypox. After a single dose vaccination, TNX-801 prevented clinical disease and lesions and decreased shedding in the mouth and lungs of non-human primates. The findings are consistent with mucosal immunity and suggest the ability to block forward transmission, similar to Dr. Edward Jenner’s vaccine, which eradicated smallpox and kept mpox out of the human population. TNX-801 is based on synthesized horsepox which is believed to be more closely related to Dr. Jenner’s vaccine than 20th century vaccinia viruses.6 Smallpox vaccines descended from Jenner’s vaccine used prior to 1900 would be called horsepox by modern nomenclature. TNX-801 is delivered percutaneously with only one dose and therefore may achieve higher rates of community protection than two-dose vaccines by eliminating drop-out between doses and limiting forward transmission. Tonix has received official written response from a Type B pre-Investigational New Drug Application (IND) meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to develop TNX-801 as a potential vaccine to protect against mpox disease and smallpox. Tonix has announced a collaboration with the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) to design, plan and seek regulatory approval for a Phase I clinical study of TNX-801 in Kenya. The Company believes TNX-801 has the potential to make a global impact on mpox and the risk of smallpox because of its durable T-cell immune response, the potential to manufacture at scale, and the use of a lower dose than non-replicating vaccines. The FDA-approved non-replicating mpox vaccine Jynneos® requires two doses and provides a relatively short duration of protection. FDA also recently approved ACAM2000, a live, replicating vaccinia vaccine for prevention of mpox. ACAM200 is a clone from DryVax®, a 20th century vaccinia vaccine derived from the NYCBH strain. Pre-clinical results from an mRNA vaccine recently showed some protection from a Clade I monkeypox challenge, but with multiple break-through lesions in vaccinated animals. Tonix is a fully integrated biopharmaceutical company focused on transforming therapies for pain management and vaccines for public health challenges. Tonix’s development portfolio is focused on central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Tonix’s priority is to advance TNX-102 SL, a product candidate for the management of fibromyalgia, for which an NDA was submitted based on two statistically significant Phase 3 studies for the management of fibromyalgia and for which a PDUFA (Prescription Drug User Fee act) goal date of August 15, 2025 has been assigned for a decision on marketing authorization. The FDA has also granted Fast Track designation to TNX-102 SL for the management of fibromyalgia. TNX-102 SL is also being developed to treat acute stress reaction and acute stress disorder under a Physician-Initiated IND at the University of North Carolina in the OASIS study funded by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Tonix’s CNS portfolio includes TNX-1300 (cocaine esterase), a biologic in Phase 2 development designed to treat cocaine intoxication that has FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation, and its development is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Tonix’s immunology development portfolio consists of biologics to address organ transplant rejection, autoimmunity and cancer, including TNX-1500, which is an Fc-modified humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CD40-ligand (CD40L or CD154) being developed for the prevention of allograft rejection and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Tonix’s infectious disease portfolio includes TNX-801, a vaccine in development for mpox and smallpox, as well as TNX-4200 for which Tonix has a contract with the U.S. Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) for up to $34 million over five years. TNX-4200 is a small molecule broad-spectrum antiviral agent targeting CD45 for the prevention or treatment of infections to improve the medical readiness of military personnel in biological threat environments. Tonix owns and operates a state-of-the art infectious disease research facility in Frederick, Md. Tonix Medicines, our commercial subsidiary, markets Zembrace® SymTouch® (sumatriptan injection) 3 mg and Tosymra® (sumatriptan nasal spray) 10 mg for the treatment of acute migraine with or without aura in adults. * Tonix’s product development candidates are investigational new drugs or biologics. Their efficacy and safety have not been established and have not been approved for any indication. Zembrace SymTouch and Tosymra are registered trademarks of Tonix Medicines. All other marks are property of their respective owners. The content above comes from the network. if any infringement, please contact us to modify.

Total 1Q 2025 net product revenue of $121.5 million , representing 62% year-over-year growth AUVELITY® 1Q 2025 net product sales of $96.2 million , representing 80% year-over-year growth SUNOSI® 1Q 2025 net product revenue of $25.2 million , representing 17% year-over-year growth SYMBRAVO® approved for the acute treatment of migraine; commercial launch on track for June 2025 NDA for AXS-14 for the management of fibromyalgia submitted to the FDA Supplemental NDA submission for AXS-05 in Alzheimer’s disease agitation on track for 3Q 2025 NDA submission for AXS-12 for cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy anticipated in 2H 2025 Positive topline results of FOCUS Phase 3 trial of solriamfetol in ADHD announced Initiation of Phase 3 trial of solriamfetol in major depressive disorder with excessive daytime sleepiness anticipated in 2025 Positive topline results of EMERGE Phase 3 trial of SYMBRAVO in migraine patients with prior inadequate response to oral CGRP inhibitors announced Company to host conference call today at 8:00 AM Eastern NEW YORK , May 05, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Axsome Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: AXSM), a biopharmaceutical company leading a new era in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, today announced financial results for the first quarter of 2025 and provided a general business update. “The first quarter was strong and eventful, with the approval of SYMBRAVO for the acute treatment of migraine, continued growth of AUVELITY and SUNOSI, and significant advancements across our broad late-stage neuroscience pipeline,” said Herriot Tabuteau , MD, Chief Executive Officer of Axsome Therapeutics . “Commercial availability of SYMBRAVO is on track for this June, and preparations are underway to enable a successful launch. We have submitted our NDA for AXS-14 for the management of fibromyalgia, and are on track for our planned NDA submissions this year for AXS-05 in Alzheimer’s disease agitation and for AXS-12 in cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. Our development programs with solriamfetol continue to advance, with the recently announced Phase 3 topline results in ADHD and MDD, and progress across the Phase 3 trials in binge eating disorder and excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder. Overall, our neuroscience portfolio positions us to deliver potentially five marketed products across ten indications that collectively impact over 150 million patients in the U.S. alone. We look forward to continued momentum over the balance of 2025 as we execute on our mission to deliver transformative medicines to patients living with serious CNS conditions.” First Quarter 2025 Financial Highlights Total net product revenue was $121.5 million for the first quarter of 2025, representing 62% year-over-year growth. Total net product revenue for the comparable period in 2024 was $75.0 million . AUVELITY net product sales were $96.2 million for the first quarter of 2025, representing 80% year-over-year growth. AUVELITY net product sales for the comparable period in 2024 were $53.4 million . SUNOSI net product revenue was $25.2 million for the first quarter of 2025, representing 17% year-over-year growth, which consisted of $24.1 million in net product sales and $1.1 million in royalty revenue associated with SUNOSI sales in out-licensed territories. SUNOSI net product revenue for the comparable period in 2024 was $21.6 million , which consisted of $20.7 million in net product sales and $0.9 million in royalty revenue. Total cost of revenue was $9.8 million for the first quarter of 2025. Total cost of revenue for the comparable period in 2024 was $6.3 million . Research and development (R&D) expenses were $44.8 million for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $36.8 million for the comparable period in 2024. The increase was primarily related to the Company’s Phase 3 trials of solriamfetol, manufacturing costs for the planned launch of SYMBRAVO, and higher personnel costs, including non-cash stock-based compensation, associated with organizational growth. Selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $120.8 million for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $99.0 million for the comparable period in 2024. The increase was primarily related to commercialization activities for AUVELITY, including sales force and marketing expenses, pre-launch activities for SYMBRAVO, and higher personnel costs, including non-cash stock-based compensation, associated with organizational growth. Net loss for the first quarter of 2025 was $59.4 million , or $(1.22) per share, compared to a net loss of $68.4 million , or $(1.44) per share, for the comparable period in 2024. The net loss in the first quarter of 2025 includes $26.2 million in non-cash charges, comprised primarily of $23.3 million in stock-based compensation expense. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $300.9 million at March 31, 2025 , compared to $315.4 million at December 31, 2024 . Shares of common stock outstanding were 49,216,759 at March 31, 2025 . Financial Guidance Axsome believes that its current cash is sufficient to fund anticipated operations into cash flow positivity, based on the current operating plan. Commercial Highlights AUVELITY Approximately 167,000 prescriptions were written for AUVELITY in the first quarter of 2025, representing an increase of 76% compared to the same period in 2024, and an increase of 5% compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. Payer coverage for AUVELITY across all channels is approximately 78% of all covered lives. The proportion of lives covered for AUVELITY in the commercial and government (Medicare and Medicaid) channels are approximately 63% and 100%, respectively. SUNOSI Approximately 46,000 prescriptions were written for SUNOSI in the U.S. in the first quarter of 2025, representing an increase of 12% compared to the same period in 2024, and a decrease of 5% compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. Payer coverage for SUNOSI across all channels is approximately 83% of all covered lives. The proportion of lives covered for SUNOSI in the commercial and government channels are approximately 95% and 60%, respectively. SYMBRAVO In January 2025 , the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved SYMBRAVO for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. SYMBRAVO represents a novel, multi-mechanistic approach to treating migraine that targets multiple pathways underlying a migraine attack, and is engineered with Axsome’s patented MoSEIC™ ( Molecular Solubility Enhanced Inclusion Complex ) rapid absorption technology. Preparations for the commercial launch of SYMBRAVO remain on track, with commercial availability anticipated in June 2025 . Development Pipeline Axsome is advancing an industry-leading neuroscience pipeline of multiple, innovative, late-stage, patent-protected product candidates addressing a broad range of serious psychiatric and neurological conditions. Recent and anticipated progress for key pipeline programs is summarized below. AXS-05 AXS-05 (dextromethorphan-bupropion) is Axsome’s novel, oral, investigational N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, sigma-1 agonist, and aminoketone CYP2D6 inhibitor being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) agitation and smoking cessation. AXS-05 has been granted FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for AD agitation. Alzheimer’s Disease Agitation: In March 2025 , Axsome received formal pre-NDA meeting minutes from the FDA for AXS-05 in AD agitation, supporting a supplemental NDA (sNDA) submission. AXS-05 was granted Breakthrough Therapy designation for the treatment of AD agitation in June 2020 . The Company is on track to submit the sNDA in the third quarter of 2025. Smoking Cessation: Axsome plans to initiate a pivotal Phase 2/3 trial of AXS-05 in smoking cessation in 2025. Solriamfetol Solriamfetol is Axsome’s dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI), TAAR1 agonist, and 5-HT1A agonist being developed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD) with EDS, binge eating disorder (BED), and excessive sleepiness associated with shift work disorder (SWD). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: In March 2025 , Axsome announced positive topline results from the FOCUS Phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of solriamfetol in ADHD in adults. The study achieved its primary and key secondary endpoints demonstrating substantial and statistically significant improvements in ADHD symptoms and disease severity with solriamfetol compared to placebo. Solriamfetol was safe and well tolerated in the trial, with a side effect profile consistent with the established safety profile of solriamfetol.The Company plans to initiate a Phase 3 trial of solriamfetol in ADHD in pediatric patients in 2025. Major Depressive Disorder: In April 2025 , Axsome announced topline results from the PARADIGM Phase 3 proof-of-concept trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of solriamfetol in MDD with and without excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). In the prespecified subgroup of patients with severe EDS, solriamfetol led to numerically greater improvements in depressive symptoms. Solriamfetol was safe and well tolerated in the trial, with a side effect profile consistent with the established safety profile of solriamfetol.The Company plans to initiate a Phase 3 trial of solriamfetol in MDD patients with EDS in 2025. Binge Eating Disorder: Axsome is conducting the ENGAGE study, a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of solriamfetol in BED. The Company anticipates topline results from the ENGAGE Phase 3 trial in 2026. Shift Work Disorder: Axsome is conducting the SUSTAIN study, a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of solriamfetol in SWD in adults. The Company anticipates topline results from the SUSTAIN Phase 3 trial in 2026. SYMBRAVO SYMBRAVO (MoSEIC™ meloxicam-rizatriptan) is Axsome’s novel, oral, rapidly absorbed, multi-mechanistic, selective COX-2 inhibitor and 5-HT1B/1D agonist indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. Migraine: In February 2025 , Axsome announced positive topline results from the EMERGE Phase 3 open-label trial of SYMBRAVO in patients experiencing inadequate response to oral CGRP inhibitors. The study achieved its primary endpoint by demonstrating statistically significantly greater migraine treatment response with SYMBRAVO compared to prior oral CGRP inhibitors, as assessed by the Migraine Treatment Optimization Questionnaire (mTOQ-4). In the trial, SYMBRAVO rapidly and substantially improved migraine pain and most bothersome symptoms. AXS-12 AXS-12 (reboxetine) is Axsome’s novel, oral, investigational, highly selective and potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and cortical dopamine modulator being developed for the treatment of narcolepsy. AXS-12 has been granted FDA Orphan Drug designation for narcolepsy. Narcolepsy: Axsome previously announced the completion of its clinical program of AXS-12 in patients with narcolepsy with cataplexy consisting of three controlled Phase 2 and Phase 3 efficacy trials and a long-term safety trial. AXS-12 achieved the primary endpoints and rapidly and substantially reduced cataplexy attacks, improved excessive daytime sleepiness, and improved cognitive function compared to placebo in all three efficacy trials (CONCERT, SYMPHONY, and ENCORE). The Company anticipates submitting an NDA to the FDA in the second half of 2025. AXS-14 AXS-14 (esreboxetine) is Axsome’s novel, oral, investigational, highly selective and potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor being developed for the management of fibromyalgia. Esreboxetine, the SS-enantiomer of reboxetine, is more potent and selective than racemic reboxetine. Fibromyalgia: Axsome has submitted an NDA to the FDA for AXS-14 for the management of fibromyalgia. The Company anticipates the FDA’s decision on acceptance of the filing in the second quarter of 2025. Scientific Presentations In April 2025 , Axsome presented the positive topline results from the ACCORD-2 Phase 3 trial of AXS-05 in Alzheimer’s disease agitation and the SYMPHONY Phase 3 trial of AXS-12 in narcolepsy at the 2025 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) Annual Meeting. Additional presentations included findings from a new network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of SYMBRAVO to oral CGRPs in the acute treatment of migraine. Corporate Update In March 2025 , Axsome announced that it resolved patent litigation with Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. ( Hikma ) related to Hikma’s Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for a generic version of SUNOSI. The Company entered into a license and settlement agreement with Hikma , which permits Hikma to begin selling its generic version of SUNOSI on or after September 1, 2040 , if pediatric exclusivity is granted, or on or after March 1, 2040 , if no pediatric exclusivity is granted, subject to FDA approval and conditions and exceptions customary for agreements of this type. Anticipated Milestones Regulatory and Commercial: SYMBRAVO for the acute treatment of migraine, commercial launch ( June 2025 ) AXS-14 for fibromyalgia, FDA filing acceptance decision (2Q 2025) AXS-05 for Alzheimer’s disease agitation, sNDA submission (3Q 2025) AXS-12 for narcolepsy, NDA submission (2H 2025) Clinical Trial Topline Results: Phase 3 ENGAGE trial of solriamfetol in binge eating disorder (2026) Phase 3 SUSTAIN trial of solriamfetol in shift work disorder (2026) Clinical Trial Initiations and Progress: Pivotal Phase 2/3 trial of AXS-05 in smoking cessation, initiation (2025) Phase 3 trial of solriamfetol in ADHD in pediatric patients, initiation (2025) Phase 3 trial of solriamfetol in MDD with EDS, initiation (2025) SYMBRAVO for the acute treatment of migraine, commercial launch ( June 2025 ) AXS-14 for fibromyalgia, FDA filing acceptance decision (2Q 2025) AXS-05 for Alzheimer’s disease agitation, sNDA submission (3Q 2025) AXS-12 for narcolepsy, NDA submission (2H 2025) Phase 3 ENGAGE trial of solriamfetol in binge eating disorder (2026) Phase 3 SUSTAIN trial of solriamfetol in shift work disorder (2026) Pivotal Phase 2/3 trial of AXS-05 in smoking cessation, initiation (2025) Phase 3 trial of solriamfetol in ADHD in pediatric patients, initiation (2025) Phase 3 trial of solriamfetol in MDD with EDS, initiation (2025) Conference Call Information Axsome will host a conference call and webcast today at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Time to discuss its first quarter 2025 financial results and provide a business update. To participate in the live conference call, please dial (877) 405-1239 (toll-free domestic) or +1 (201) 389-0851 (international). A live webcast of the conference call can be accessed on the “Webcasts & Presentations” page of the “Investors” section of the Company’s website at axsome.com. A replay of the conference call will be available for approximately 30 days following the live event. About Axsome Therapeutics Axsome Therapeutics is a biopharmaceutical company leading a new era in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) conditions. We deliver scientific breakthroughs by identifying critical gaps in care and develop differentiated products with a focus on novel mechanisms of action that enable meaningful advancements in patient outcomes. Our industry-leading neuroscience portfolio includes FDA-approved treatments for major depressive disorder, excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea, and migraine, and multiple late-stage development programs addressing a broad range of serious neurological and psychiatric conditions that impact over 150 million people in the United States . Together, we are on a mission to solve some of the brain’s biggest problems so patients and their loved ones can flourish. For more information, please visit us at www.axsome.com and follow us on LinkedIn and X. Forward Looking Statements Certain matters discussed in this press release are “forward-looking statements”. The Company may, in some cases, use terms such as “predicts,” “believes,” “potential,” “continue,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “will,” “should” or other words that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes to identify these forward-looking statements. In particular, the Company’s statements regarding trends and potential future results are examples of such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements include risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the commercial success of the Company’s SUNOSI®, AUVELITY®, and SYMBRAVO® products and the success of the Company’s efforts to obtain any additional indication(s) with respect to solriamfetol and/or AXS-05; the Company’s ability to maintain and expand payer coverage; the success, timing and cost of the Company’s ongoing clinical trials and anticipated clinical trials for the Company’s current product candidates, including statements regarding the timing of initiation, pace of enrollment and completion of the trials (including the Company’s ability to fully fund the Company’s disclosed clinical trials, which assumes no material changes to the Company’s currently projected revenues or expenses), futility analyses and receipt of interim results, which are not necessarily indicative of the final results of the Company’s ongoing clinical trials, and/or data readouts, and the number or type of studies or nature of results necessary to support the filing of a new drug application (“NDA”) for any of the Company’s current product candidates; the Company’s ability to fund additional clinical trials to continue the advancement of the Company’s product candidates; the timing of and the Company’s ability to obtain and maintain U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) or other regulatory authority approval of, or other action with respect to, the Company’s product candidates, including statements regarding the timing of any NDA submission; the Company’s ability to successfully defend its intellectual property or obtain the necessary licenses at a cost acceptable to the Company, if at all; the successful implementation of the Company’s research and development programs and collaborations; the success of the Company’s license agreements; the acceptance by the market of the Company’s products and product candidates, if approved; the Company’s anticipated capital requirements, including the amount of capital required for the commercialization of SUNOSI, AUVELITY, and SYMBRAVO and for the Company’s commercial launch of its other product candidates, if approved, and the potential impact on the Company’s anticipated cash runway; the Company’s ability to convert sales to recognized revenue and maintain a favorable gross to net sales; unforeseen circumstances or other disruptions to normal business operations arising from or related to domestic political climate, geo-political conflicts or a global pandemic and other factors, including general economic conditions and regulatory developments, not within the Company’s control. The factors discussed herein could cause actual results and developments to be materially different from those expressed in or implied by such statements. The forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this press release and the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. Investors: Mark Jacobson Chief Operating Officer(212) 332-3243mjacobson@axsome.com Media: Darren Opland Director, Corporate Communications(929) 837-1065dopland@axsome.com Source: Axsome Therapeutics, Inc.

Welcome back to Endpoints Weekly, our roundup of the top headlines in biopharma. Earnings season continued this week, with more comments from pharma executives on the potential impact of tariffs, new details around Pfizer and Moderna’s cost-efficiency efforts, and more. Read below for a recap of the top news out of this week’s earnings calls. We’ve also got a summary of data out of the American Association for Cancer Research’s annual meeting, where Lei Lei Wu reported from Chicago. And Endpoints News’ Andrew Dunn welcomed Arc Institute co-founder Patrick Hsu to our special Slack channel to discuss all things AI. Stay tuned next week as more companies, including BioNTech, Novo Nordisk, Takeda and more, report their earnings.  — Nicole DeFeudis 💲 More pharma companies reported their Q1 earnings this week, including AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, GSK, Eli Lilly, Moderna and Amgen. Tariffs were a central theme during earnings calls, as drugmakers provided some detail on the potential impact to their business. “Our goal, as I mentioned, is to have 100% of our products produced in the US for the US,” Novartis CEO Vas Narasimhan said during a first-quarter earnings call with the media Tuesday. AstraZeneca CEO Pascal Soriot said the company “can actually move the manufacturing of products that are made in Europe, move it to the US for supply to the US. And we can also potentially do the other way around.” Here’s what else our reporters tracked: The privately-held biotech Stealth BioTherapeutics said its rare disease drug was delayed this week. A person familiar with the situation said the company hadn’t been asked to run more trials or provide more data, that the FDA hadn’t identified any safety concerns, and that the agency hadn’t raised manufacturing issues, Endpoints’ Max Gelman reported. The apparent delay comes amid upheaval at health agencies, though several companies have said in earnings calls and interviews in recent weeks that they aren’t seeing an impact on their interactions with the FDA so far. The agency made decisions on time for two other drugs this week: Johnson & Johnson’s rare disease drug Imaavy and Satsuma Pharmaceuticals’ migraine drug Atzumi. The agency also hit PDUFA dates for other big-name medicines in recent weeks, like Dupixent, Amvuttra, Uplizna and Eylea. Stealth’s drug had an original decision deadline in January, but the company said the FDA requested more time to review supplemental material. Max examines lingering questions around the situation here . AACR recap: Data from GSK, Merck and more 🔬Scientists descended on Chicago this week for the American Association for Cancer Research’s annual meeting. Some in attendance, including cancer scientists, former NIH leaders and patient advocates, spoke about how cuts to science funding could impact cancer research. “It is a time to be clear-eyed about what is happening and to decide what role each of us is willing to play,” Yale oncologist Patricia LoRusso said during a panel. Read more here . Elsewhere, GSK presented data showing that its PD-1 inhibitor Jemperli induced a 100% complete response rate in 49 patients with a specific type of rectal cancer after six months. Even though the results were excellent, Endpoints’ Elizabeth Cairns reported that they are unlikely to have major commercial implications. Jemperli is already approved in this cancer type, known as mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) solid tumors, though only after the patient has progressed on prior treatment and has no further options. The new data could move the product into the neoadjuvant setting for dMMR cancers, but it’s still a tiny patient population. Only around 3% of solid tumors carry the dMMR biomarker. Merck also impressed with Keytruda data in head and neck cancer, showing that adding Keytruda before and after surgery cut the risk of disease recurrence or death by 27%. Patients in the study remained disease-free for more than four years at the median. 🌎 The US’ drug infrastructure has historically been robust, making it an attractive country in which to run clinical trials. But some companies say uncertainty is driving them to look elsewhere for their studies. Jared Whitlock examined this phenomenon in a story this week . Of note, companies find FDA Commissioner Marty Makary’s comments on rare disease approval pathways and animal testing largely promising. “Since we are in the ultra-rare disease space, Makary’s words on creating paths for rare [diseases] creates hope, and we are looking forward to learning more about his plans,” Mahzi Therapeutics CEO Yael Weiss said. While overseas trials have limitations, agencies in Europe, Canada, Australia and the UK have worked in recent years to harmonize guidelines with the FDA. 🎤 Endpoints’ Andrew Dunn welcomed Patrick Hsu to the newsroom’s Slack channel earlier this month to share his thoughts from the frontlines of the AI bio space. Hsu co-founded the Arc Institute in 2021, a Palo Alto, CA-based nonprofit research organization that has spearheaded some leading AI biology research. “I think AI will become a universal copilot that we use for everything,” he said during the interview. Read more here . DON’T MISS: