Last update 21 Mar 2024

Acute cystitis

Last update 21 Mar 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Acute Cystitis, Acute cystitis, Acute cystitis (disorder)

+ [13]

Introduction

An acute infection of the bladder. It is usually caused by bacteria. Signs and symptoms include increased frequency of urination, pain or burning during urination, fever, cloudy or bloody urine, and suprapubic pain.

Drugs associated with Acute cystitis

Zhuling Decoction

Target-

Mechanism-

Active Org.

Sanwa Shoyaku Co., Ltd.

Originator Org.

Sanwa Shoyaku Co., Ltd.

Active Indication

Acute cystitis [+4]

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.

First Approval Date18 Jul 1986

Bearberry extract

Target-

Mechanism-

Active Org.-

Originator Org.

University of Pecs

Active Indication-

Inactive Indication

Acute cystitis

Drug Highest PhasePending

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Clinical Trials associated with Acute cystitis

CTRI/2024/02/062992 / Not yet recruitingPhase 2IIT

A Randomised Placebo Control Clinical Trial To Verify The Efficacy Of Homoeopathic Medicines In Cases Of Acute Cystitis In Female. - NIL

Start Date26 Feb 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

NCT06267040 / RecruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Linguistic and Clinical Validation of the Arabic Version of Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACCS)

The goal of this prospective observational study is to provide an Arabic translation of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) and to test the linguistic validity and clinical reliability of the translated Arabic version of ACCS (Arabic-ACCS) in Arabic-speaking women older than 18 years of age diagnosed with uncomplicated cystitis.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Do the questions of the Arabic-ACSS have sufficient clarity?
Can the Arabic-ACCS serve its purpose in identifying the presence of uncomplicated cystitis in Arabic-speaking women? The participant will be asked to fill out the Arabic-ACCS questionnaire at the time of diagnosis. The participants will be asked to fill out the second part of the Arabic-ACCS questionnaire 5-10 days later after receiving the appropriate treatment according to the local health policy as prescribed by the treating physician.
Researchers will compare the results from the patients who filled out the first part of the questionnaire with the results of a comparable group of women who were presented with complaints unrelated to the lower urinary tract.

Start Date01 Sep 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator

Al-Kindy College of Medicine

NCT05510128 / RecruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Application of a Protocol for the Management of Female Functional Urinary Signs in French Community Pharmacies

Every year, between 4 and 6 million French people are affected by a urinary infection; the vast majority of these are women. Although the diagnosis of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection is simple to make, it requires prompt medical management to relieve the symptoms. The lack of immediate of a physician can slow down the management of patients affected by this condition, and lead to an inappropriate referral of patients to the emergency services.
Because of their wide availability, accessibility, and geographical distribution throughout the country, pharmacists are primary health care professionals who are regularly called upon to respond to patients with this type of infection.
A national protocol exists in France, but it is very difficult to apply. The PharmaCyst' study aims to evaluate its application in community pharmacies.

Start Date29 Jun 2023

Sponsor / Collaborator

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers

100 Clinical Results associated with Acute cystitis

100 Translational Medicine associated with Acute cystitis

0 Patents (Medical) associated with Acute cystitis

907

Literatures (Medical) associated with Acute cystitis

13 Feb 2024·American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists

Cefdinir vs cephalexin for the treatment of urinary tract infections: A retrospective evaluation.

Article

Author: Andie Lloyd ; Jonathan Grey ; Christopher Fronczek ; Heather Durkin ; Kerry Marr

DISCLAIMER:

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

PURPOSE:

Cefdinir and cephalexin are cephalosporin antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Their efficacy depends on achieving sufficient time with concentrations exceeding the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Despite being frequently prescribed for UTIs, cefdinir has markedly lower urine penetration compared to cephalexin. It is possible that differences in pharmacokinetics could result in dissimilar efficacy between these agents; however, comparative studies of cephalosporins in UTIs are lacking.

METHODS:

This was a retrospective comparative study of patients discharged from emergency departments within a community health system with a diagnosis of acute cystitis who were prescribed cefdinir or cephalexin. Treatment failure rates at 7 and 14 days were compared between the 2 agents using a χ2 or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.

RESULTS:

There were no differences in overall treatment failure between the cefdinir and cephalexin groups. Treatment failure at 7 days occurred in 11.6% (n = 14) of patients in the cefdinir group and 8.3% (n = 10) of patients in the cephalexin group (P = 0.389). Treatment failure at 14 days was higher for cefdinir at 20.7% (n = 25) than for cephalexin at 11.8% (n = 14), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.053). There were no differences in the rate of treatment failure in subgroup analyses of uncomplicated or complicated UTIs.

CONCLUSION:

The results of this study suggest that cefdinir and cephalexin have comparable efficacy for the treatment of lower UTIs. While there was a numerically higher rate of treatment failure with cefdinir, there were no significant differences in treatment failure between the agents.

01 Feb 2024·JAC-antimicrobial resistance

Resistance to first-line antibiotic therapy among patients with uncomplicated acute cystitis in Melbourne, Australia: prevalence, predictors and clinical impact.

Article

Author: Stephanie J Curtis ; Jason C Kwong ; Yee Lin Chaung ; Danielle Mazza ; Calum J Walsh ; Kyra Y Chua ; Andrew J Stewardson

Background:

Australian guidelines recommend trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin as first-line agents for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Laboratory surveillance indicates high rates of trimethoprim resistance among urinary bacterial isolates, but there are scant local clinical data about risk factors and impact of trimethoprim resistance.

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence, risk factors, mechanism and impact of resistance to first-line antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated UTIs in the community setting.

Methods:

A prospective observational study from October 2019 to November 2021 in four general practices in Melbourne, Australia. Female adult patients prescribed an antibiotic for suspected or confirmed uncomplicated acute cystitis were eligible. Primary outcome was urine isolates with resistance to trimethoprim and/or nitrofurantoin.

Results:

We recruited 87 participants across 102 UTI episodes with median (IQR) age of 63 (47-76) years. Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen cultured (48/62; 77%); 27% (13/48) were resistant to trimethoprim (mediated by a dfrA gene) and none were resistant to nitrofurantoin. Isolates with resistance to a first-line therapy were more common among patients reporting a history of recurrent UTIs [risk ratio (RR): 2.08 (95% CI: 1.24-3.51)] and antibiotic use in the previous 6 months [RR: 1.89 (95% CI: 1.36-2.62)]. Uropathogen resistance to empirical therapy was not associated with worse clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

Resistance to trimethoprim is common in uncomplicated UTIs in Australia but may not impact clinical outcomes. Further research is warranted on the appropriateness of trimethoprim as empirical therapy, particularly for patients with antimicrobial resistance risk factors.

01 Feb 2024·Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology

A Bird's-Eye View of the Pathophysiologic Role of the Human Urobiota in Health and Disease: Can We Modulate It?

Review

Author: Emilio Jirillo ; Raffaele Palmirotta ; Marica Colella ; Luigi Santacroce

For a long time, urine has been considered sterile in physiological conditions, thanks to the particular structure of the urinary tract and the production of uromodulin or Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) by it. More recently, thanks to the development and use of new technologies, i.e., next-generation sequencing and expanded urine culture, the identification of a microbial community in the urine, the so-called urobiota, became possible. Major phyla detected in the urine are represented by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Particularly, the female urobiota is largely represented by Lactobacillus spp., which are very active against urinary pathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (UPEC) strains via the generation of lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Gut dysbiosis accounts for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), so-called gut-bladder axis syndrome with the formation of intracellular bacterial communities in the course of acute cystitis. However, other chronic urinary tract infections are caused by bacterial strains of intestinal derivation. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections account for the outcome of acute and chronic UTIs, even including prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain. E. coli isolates have been shown to be more invasive and resistant to antibiotics. Probiotics, fecal microbial transplantation, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, and immune-mediated therapies, even including vaccines for the treatment of UTIs, will be described.

News (Medical) associated with Acute cystitis

02 May 2023

·www.biospace.com

Pathnostics Announces Publication in Research and Reports in Urology of its Interim Analysis for a Prospective Observational Study Evaluating Guidance® UTI in Patients with Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

IRVINE, Calif., May 2, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Pathnostics, a leading precision diagnostic testing and development company, today announced publication of data from the Company's interim analysis for a prospective observational study evaluating Guidance® UTI in patients with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) in the peer-reviewed journal Research and Reports in Urology. Guidance UTI is Pathnostics' advanced diagnostic test for the rapid identification and precise treatment of complicated, recurrent and persistent urinary tract infections (UTIs) – and the only UTI diagnostic to combine PCR and Pooled Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (P-AST™), which better address polymicrobial infections where bacterial interactions can impact antibiotic resistance. UTIs, the most common infections in the United States, account for 10.5 million physician office visits and three million emergency department visits annually, representing a major healthcare burden.1,2 In many cases, particularly cUTIs, patients require antimicrobials to treat the infection. When an individual has one or more risk factors that predispose to higher treatment failure and poor outcomes, such as persistence of UTI, increasing severity, or occurrence of complications such as urosepsis, recurrence, and perinephric abscess, the case is considered a cUTI. 3,4,5 "This peer-reviewed publication of data is an important validation of the precision diagnostics delivered through Guidance UTI to improve the quality of patient care. The findings strengthen the benefits of increased sensitivity, accelerated results for patients and healthcare providers," said Mohit Mathur, MD, Ph.D., Chief Medical Officer at Pathnostics. "While this is an interim analysis for an ongoing study, we're pleased with the significance of the results and hope to forge a new standard of care for patients who suffer from complicated UTIs." The prospective study compared patients who were treated with antibiotics after being diagnosed through Guidance UTI testing versus patients who had symptoms but were not treated using antibiotics. The data demonstrate that patients treated with antibiotics by providers who used Guidance UTI test results had improved outcomes over those who did not receive antibiotics. Analysis Highlights: Patients with cUTIs treated based on the M-PCR/P-AST diagnostic test had significantly improved symptom reduction and clinical cure rates compared to untreated patients among those with non-E. coli or polymicrobial infections. Of 264 patients with suspected cUTI, 146 (55.4%) had exclusively non-E. coli infections (115 treated and 31 untreated) and 190 (72%) has polymicrobial infections (162 treated and 28 untreated). Treated patients exhibited greater symptom reduction compared to untreated ones on day 14 for those with exclusively non-E. coli organisms (3.18 vs. 1.64, p=0.006) and polymicrobial infections (3.52 vs. 1.41, p=0.002), respectively. Higher percentages of treated patients than of untreated patients achieved clinical cure for polymicrobial infections on day 14 (58.7% vs. 36.4%, p=0.049). About Pathnostics Pathnostics is a leading precision diagnostic testing and development company providing solutions for infectious disease and cancer diagnostics that will get patients on the right path. The flagship Guidance platform of solutions leverages its proprietary and patented technology for pooled antibiotic susceptibility testing, which provides more informed treatment options and supports antibiotic stewardship initiatives. Headquartered in Irvine, Calif., Pathnostics is a company of Water Street Healthcare Partners, a strategic investor focused exclusively on the healthcare industry. For more information about the company and its portfolio of products, visit pathnostics.com. 1 Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nature reviews Microbiology. 2015;13(5):269-284. doi:10.1038/nrmicro3432 2 Simmering JE, Tang F, Cavanaugh JE, Polgreen LA, Polgreen PM. The Increase in Hospitalizations for Urinary Tract Infections and the Associated Costs in the United States, 1998-2011. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4(1):ofw281. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw281 3 Wagenlehner FME, Johansen TEB, Cai T, Koves B, Kranz J, Pilatz A, et al. Epidemiology, definition and treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Urol. 2020;17(10):586-600. doi:10.1038/s41585-020-0362-4 4 A. S, Leslie SW. Complicated urinary tract infections. StatPearls [Internet]. Published online January 1, 2022. 5 Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG, et al. International Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in Women: A 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(5):e103-e120. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq257

Clinical Result

01 Sep 2022

·www.prnewswire.com

The Worldwide Urinary Tract Infection Testing Industry is Expected to Reach $765 Million by 2030

DUBLIN, Sept. 1, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The 'Global Urinary Tract Infection Testing Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis by Type (Urethritis, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis), by End-Use (Reference Laboratories, General Practitioners, Urologists, Urgent Care), by Region, and Segment Forecasts, 2022-2030' report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. The global urinary tract infection testing market is expected to reach USD 765.6 million by 2030. The UTI testing market is witnessing growth due to factors such as rising disease burden, increasing geriatric population, rapid technological advancements, and high R&D investments by key players to introduce novel & innovative products, such as self-testing & rapid Point-of-Care (PoC) devices products. Urinary tract infection is becoming a common global concern. According to research studies, UTI occurs in one in five adult women at some point in their life. In the U.S., about 25%-40% of women aged 20-40 have suffered a UTI. In the U.S., about 250,000 cases of pyelonephritis are reported every year. In women aged 18-19, its incidence is about 28/10,000, out of which 7% of cases require hospital admission. Genetic and cultural factors may influence its prevalence; for instance, in South Korea, the incidence of pyelonephritis is around 59/10,000. Its recurrence is more common than other UTIs, with the recurrence rate being 5.7% in men and 9% in women. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of developing urinary tract infections such as acute cystitis, and therefore, the increasing global prevalence of diabetes is likely to contribute to cystitis growth. According to an NCBI article, type 2 diabetes raises UTI risk and patients with type 2 diabetes experience frequent & severe UTIs. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data from 2021, approximately 643 million individuals will have diabetes by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. Moreover, the estimated prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetic females is 26%, compared to 6% in nondiabetic females. Such factors are expected to boost the prevalence of cystitis globally. However, due to the rise in awareness about such diseases, the demand for specialist treatment has increased in recent years. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, in the U.S., the number of practicing urologists in 2020 was 4.07 per 100,000 populations. The report further stated that due to the rise in demand, a shortage of urologists was observed, which is likely to exceed nearly 3,600 physicians by 2025. This can impede market growth in the coming years. Moreover, COVID-19 has had a detrimental impact on the industry. Individuals with UTIs have experienced substantial disruptions in testing and emergency care. Key players are introducing novel products to strengthen their portfolios. For instance, in September 2021, OpGen, Inc. announced initiating clinical trials of the Unyvero Urinary Tract Infection Panel. The panel can analyze a broad range of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance markers directly from a urine sample. Successful clinical trials and the launch of such technologically advanced & efficient products are anticipated to drive market growth over the coming years. Similarly, in July 2020, Uqora, Inc. (Pharmavite, LLC), a urinary health biotechnology company, launched a UTI diagnostic and management kit. The kit includes a rapid UTI diagnostic device, Clarify, compatible with a PoC and homecare setting. Urinary Tract Infection Testing Market Highlights Cystitis dominated the market in 2021, with an estimated market share of 41.56%. This can be attributed to the high incidence & recurrence rate of cystitis, increased number of product approvals, and the high number of diabetes patients who are more prone to cystitis The general practitioner segment held a share of 12.41% in 2021. It is the primary point of contact for most patients with UTI, and in most cases, uncomplicated UTI is diagnosed and treated by a general practitioner North America dominated the overall urinary tract infection market in terms of value. This can be attributed to better reimbursement facilities and a rise in the adoption of novel diagnostic products due to increased awareness Key Topics Covered: Chapter 1 Methodology and Scope Chapter 2 Executive Summary Chapter 3 Urinary Tract Infection Market Variables, Trends, and Scope 3.1 Penetration and Growth Prospect Mapping 3.2 Regulatory Landscape 3.3 Industry Analysis - Porter's 3.4 Consumer Behavior Analysis 3.5 PESTEL Analysis (Political & Legal, Economic, and Technological) 3.6 Epidemiology Analysis 3.7 Custom Analysis Chapter 4 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Segment Analysis, by End-Use, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) (Volume, Units) 4.1 Urinary Tract Infection Market: End-use Movement Analysis 4.2 General Practitioners 4.2.1 General practitioners Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.2.2 General practitioners Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.2.3 General practitioners Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.2.4 General practitioners Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.2.5 General practitioners Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.3 Urologists 4.3.1 Urologists Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.3.2 Urologists Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.3.3 Urologists Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.3.4 Urologists Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.3.5 Urologists Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.4 Urogynecologists 4.4.1 Urogynecologists Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.4.2 Urogynecologists Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.4.3 Urogynecologists Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.4.4 Urogynecologists Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.4.5 Urogynecologists Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.5 Reference Laboratories 4.5.1 Reference Laboratories Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.5.2 Reference Laboratories Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.5.3 Reference Laboratories Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.5.4 Reference Laboratories Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.5.5 Reference Laboratories Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.6 AccounTable Care Organizations 4.7 Hospital Laboratories 4.7.1 Hospital Laboratories Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.7.2 Hospital Laboratories Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.7.3 Hospital Laboratories Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.7.4 Hospital Laboratories Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.7.5 Hospital Laboratories Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.8 Urgent Care 4.8.1 Urgent Care Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.8.2 Urgent Care Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.8.3 Urgent Care Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.8.4 Urgent Care Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.8.5 Urgent Care Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.9 Hospital Emergency Departments 4.9.1 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.9.2 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.9.3 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.9.4 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.9.5 Hospital Emergency Departments Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) 4.10 Others 4.10.1 Others Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.10.2 Others Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.10.3 Others Market, Instruments, 2017 - 2028, Volume (Units) 4.10.4 Others Market, Consumables, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 4.10.5 Others Market, Consumables, 2017-2028, Volume (Thousand Units) Chapter 5 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Segment Analysis, by Type Scope, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 5.1 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Type Scope Movement Analysis 5.2 Urethritis 5.2.1 Urethritis Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 5.3 Cystitis 5.3.1 Cystitis market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) 5.4 Pyelonephritis 5.4.1 Pyelonephritis Market, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) Chapter 6 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Segment Analysis, By Region, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million) Chapter 7 Urinary Tract Infection Market: Competitive Analysis 7.1 Recent Developments and Impact Analysis, by Key Market Participants 7.1.1 New Product Launches 7.1.2 Mergers and Acquisitions 7.1.3 Partnerships and Strategic Collaboration 7.2 Company Categorization 7.2.1 Innovators 7.2.3 Market Leaders 7.3 Vendor Landscape 7.3.1 List of key distributors and channel partners 7.4 Key Customers 7.5 Key Company Market Share Analysis, 2020 7.6 Public Companies 7.6.1 Company market position analysis 7.6.2 Competitive Dashboard Analysis 7.6.3 Market Differentiators 7.7 Private Companies 7.7.1 List of key emerging companies 7.7.2 Regional Network Map 7.8 Company Profiles 7.8.1 QIAGEN 7.8.1.1 Company overview 7.8.1.2 Financial performance 7.8.1.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.1.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.2 Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. 7.8.2.1 Company overview 7.8.2.2 Financial performance 7.8.2.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.3 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. 7.8.3.1 Company overview 7.8.3.2 Financial performance 7.8.3.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.4 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. 7.8.4.1 Company overview 7.8.4.2 Financial Performance 7.8.4.3 Product Benchmarking 7.8.4.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.5 Danaher Corporation 7.8.5.1 Company overview 7.8.5.2 Beckman Coulter 7.8.5.3 Financial Performance 7.8.5.4 Product benchmarking 7.8.5.5 Strategic initiatives 7.8.6 Siemens Healthcare GmbH 7.8.6.1 Company overview 7.8.6.2 Financial performance 7.8.6.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.6.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.7 Randox Laboratories Ltd. 7.8.7.1 Company overview 7.8.7.2 Product benchmarking 7.8.8 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. 7.8.8.1 Company overview 7.8.8.2 Financial performance 7.8.8.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.8.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.9 bioMerieux SA 7.8.9.1 Company overview 7.8.9.2 Financial performance 7.8.9.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.9.4 Strategic initiatives 7.8.10 T2 Biosystems, Inc. 7.8.10.1 Company overview 7.8.10.2 Financial performance 7.8.10.3 Product benchmarking 7.8.10.4 Strategic initiatives For more information about this report visit Media Contact: Research and Markets Laura Wood, Senior Manager [email protected] For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470 For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900 U.S. Fax: 646-607-1907 Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716 Logo: SOURCE Research and Markets

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Acute cystitis

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