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Last update 05 Jan 2026

Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

Last update 05 Jan 2026

Overview

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

(±)-hydroxychloroquine, 2-((4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)pentyl)ethylamino)ethanol, 2-(N-(4-(7-chlor-4-chinolylamino)-4-methylbutyl)ethylamino)ethanol

+ [25]

Target-

Action

inhibitors

Mechanism

Autophagy inhibitors

Therapeutic Areas

Immune System DiseasesInfectious DiseasesSkin and Musculoskeletal Diseases+ [8]

Active Indication

Lupus Erythematosus, DiscoidMalariaLupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous+ [11]

Inactive Indication

COVID-19Primary Sjögren's syndrome

Originator Organization

Active Organization

+ [9]

Inactive Organization

SanofiPulmoquine Therapeutics, IncViatris Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.

+ [1]

License Organization

Covis Pharma Holdings BV

Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (18 Apr 1955),

Acute MalariaRheumatoid ArthritisSystemic Lupus Erythematosus

Regulation-

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC18H28ClN3O5S

InChIKeyJCBIVZZPXRZKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry747-36-4

685

Clinical Trials associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

NCT07230028

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

A Monocenter, Randomized, Double Blind Pilot Study Comparing Doxycycline in Combination With Hydroxychloroquine Treatment Versus Doxycycline Monotherapy in Patients With Long-Term Complaints Attributed to Lyme Borreliosis.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if hydroxychloroquine works to treat long-term complaints attributed to Lyme borreliosis in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does addition of hydroxychloroquine reduce physical complaints? Researchers will compare hydroxychloroquine to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if hydroxychloroquine works to treat Lyme borreliosis.
Participants will:
Take hydroxychloroquine or a placebo two times a day during 28 days. Visit the clinic 4 times in one year for checkups and tests.

Start Date01 Mar 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Radboud University Medical Center

NCT06408298

/ Not yet recruitingEarly Phase 1IIT

A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Proof of Principle (Window of Opportunity) Study of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

This is randomized, double blind, placebo controlled proof of principle (window of opportunity) study of oral hydroxychloroquine in patients with resectable localized prostate cancer. To determine the effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on markers of autophagy, such as p62, LC3-II and NBR-1 in prostate cancer tissue of patients with resectable localized prostate cancer who undergo radical prostatectomy. To monitor/observe the safety and tolerability of daily oral hydroxychloroquine in the pre and perioperative period in patients who undergo radical prostatectomy. To evaluate the concentration of hydroxychloroquine in normal and prostate tumor tissue and to correlate prostate tissue concentrations with the plasma concentrations in these patients. To perform tumor genomic analysis (for common somatic mutations) and to correlate the molecular response to HCQ and presence/absence of such mutations.

Start Date01 Jan 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

NCT06971744

/ RecruitingPhase 2

Autophagy Maintenance (AUTOMAIN) Therapy in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: A Phase II Trial

This is a single-institution, single-arm study with a safety lead-in to determine if previously established safe doses of autophagy drugs, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and nelfinavir mesylate (NFV) will benefit ovarian cancer patients in a maintenance setting. Patients will receive the two study drugs HCQ and NFV in combination with maintenance bevacizumab.

Start Date18 Dec 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

The Medical University of South Carolina

100 Clinical Results associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

100 Translational Medicine associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

13,432

Literatures (Medical) associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

01 Jan 2026·DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Isolated lumbar vertebral infection caused by Coxiella burnetii: A case report and literature review

Review

Author: Ma, Xuzhu ; Wang, Xiaohui ; Xin, Mingming ; Lin, Minggui

This study describes the clinical characteristics and treatment of vertebral infection caused by Coxiella burnetii through a case report and literature review. We present a 60-year-old male with isolated lumbar vertebral infection. A comprehensive literature review identified 17 cases, with 82.4 % of patients over 50 years old. Common symptoms included lumbar pain and fever, while 52.9 % developed adjacent vertebral infections through abdominal aortic aneurysms. Only 17.6 % presented as isolated vertebral infections. Radiological evidence of vertebral destruction was observed in all cases, with no cardiac valve involvement. Treatment involved doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, and surgical intervention, resulting in favorable outcomes. Isolated vertebral infections caused by Coxiella burnetii are extremely rare and pose significant diagnostic challenges. Early surgical intervention, effective diagnostic methods, and standardized anti-infective therapy are crucial for management. This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment for this rare condition.

01 Jan 2026·JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY

Artemisinin-hydroxychloroquine combination from traditional antimalarial medicine attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β-mediated inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Article

Author: Song, Jianping ; Deng, Changsheng ; Du, Hujun ; Deng, Deqian ; Liang, Qianming ; Guo, Wenfeng ; Mei, Manxue ; Zhang, Lianying ; Yu, Linxin

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:

Artemisinin and hydroxychloroquine, derived respectively from Artemisia annua L. (Qinghao) and Cinchona calisaya Wedd., have been widely used for centuries to treat malaria and inflammatory disorders. In addition to their antimalarial activity, these compounds exhibit multifunctionality, including anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Although preliminary studies suggested that the artemisinin-hydroxychloroquine (AH) combination may attenuate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

AIM OF THE STUDY:

This study aimed to systematically investigate the antifibrotic efficacy of AH and its underlying molecular mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro experiments.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

IPF was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats via intratracheal bleomycin (BLM) instillation. Beginning on day 7 post-modeling, animals received oral AH or nintedanib. Lung structure and fibrosis severity were assessed by small animal energy spectrum CT imaging, pulmonary function tests, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome staining, and lung tissue hydroxyproline (HYP) quantification. The mechanism of AH was examined by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptomic analysis. An in vitro epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) model was established in A549 cells via TGF-β1 induction to validate AH's effects.

RESULTS:

AH treatment produced multidimensional improvements in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, effectively alleviating pathological tissue damage and respiratory dysfunction, reducing and mitigating pulmonary inflammation and collagen deposition. Mechanistically, our integrated transcriptomic analysis and experimental validation revealed that AH undefined anti-pulmonary fibrosis effects modulate the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thereby slowing the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

CONCLUSION:

Our study provides the first evidence that the traditional antimalarial combination AH alleviates IPF by specifically modulating the PI3K/AKT/GSK3β signaling axis to inhibit EMT. These findings reveal a novel drug repurposing opportunity and underscore the potential of AH as a promising therapeutic candidate for IPF.

01 Dec 2025·JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Diverse Clinical and Immunological Profiles in Patients with IPEX Syndrome: a Multicenter Analysis from Turkey

Article

Author: Bozkurt, Selcen ; Bilgic Eltan, Sevgi ; Yalcin Gungoren, Ezgi ; Bayram Catak, Feyza ; Kiykim, Ayca ; Can, Salim ; Amirov, Razin ; Ozen, Ahmet ; Baris, Safa ; Bal Cetinkaya, Fatma ; Bekis Bozkurt, Hayrunnisa ; Sahin, Ali ; Catak, Mehmet Cihangir ; Kasap, Nurhan ; Yorgun Altunbas, Melek ; Yakici, Nalan ; Ozturk, Necmiye ; Gemici Karaarslan, Betul ; Orhan, Fazil ; Cavkaytar, Ozlem ; Arga, Mustafa ; Karakoc-Aydiner, Elif

PURPOSE:

Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, and X-linked syndrome (IPEX), caused by pathogenic FOXP3 variants, is a rare autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical features, including early-onset diabetes, eczema, and enteropathy. Atypical cases show milder symptoms and unique signs, requiring different treatments. Therefore, there are ambiguities in the accurate diagnosis and management of IPEX. We sought to present clinical, genetic, and immunological assessments of 12 IPEX patients with long-term follow-up to facilitate the diagnosis and management of the disease.

METHODS:

Clinical findings and treatment options of the patients were collected over time. Lymphocyte subpopulations, protein expressions, regulatory T (Treg) and circulating T follicular helper (cT_FH) cells, and T-cell proliferation were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Predominant presentations included autoimmunity (91.6%), failure to thrive (66.7%), and eczema (58.3%). There were four classical and eight atypical IPEX individuals. Allergic manifestations were more common in atypical patients. Notably, chronic diarrhea demonstrated heightened severity compared to other manifestations. Four patients (33.3%) demonstrated eosinophilia, and nine (75%) showed high serum IgE levels. Most patients exhibited normal percentages of Treg cells with reduced CD25, FOXP3, and CTLA-4 expressions, corrected after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Compared to healthy controls, the T_H2-like skewing accompanied by reduced T_H17-like responses was observed in cT_FH and Treg cells of patients. Overall, nine patients (75%) received immunosuppressants (ISs), and six (50%) underwent HSCT, which was the only treatment revealing sustained control. Sirolimus was used in six patients and showed better control than other ISs.

CONCLUSIONS:

The first cohort from Turkey with long-term follow-up results, comparing typical and atypical cases, provides insights into the outcomes of different therapeutic modalities and T- cell subtype changes in IPEX syndrome.

208

News (Medical) associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

11 Dec 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

The Lupus Research Alliance Announces Inaugural Mechanistic Clinical Award Recipients to Improve Lupus Understanding, Treatment Options

Renowned Researchers Aim to Uncover Underlying Causes of Lupus to Unlock Personalized Therapies NEW YORK, Dec. 11, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, the Lupus Research Alliance, the world's largest private funder of lupus research, announced the first recipients of the Mechanistic Clinical Award. This grant program is designed to advance precision medicine in lupus by testing new biomarkers and treatments, while also investigating the root causes of the disease to help guide more personalized care. Impacting millions worldwide, lupus presents differently in each person and is known for high variability in symptoms and manifestations as well as in disease severity, progression, and response to therapy. The Lupus Research Alliance established the Mechanistic Clinical Award program to dig deeper into what is happening at a molecular and cellular level, to help guide therapeutic development and improve the quality of life of people living with this disease. "Getting to the 'how' behind discoveries — understanding how therapies work on a biological level and how that might vary from person-to-person — is essential to transforming how we treat this complex disease and enable precision medicine," Maya Bader, PhD, Director of Research at the Lupus Research Alliance, said. "This program represents the next frontier in lupus research — connecting the dots between underlying mechanisms and meaningful outcomes. We are proud to support two investigators whose work will deepen our understanding of lupus therapies at the individual level, bringing us closer to delivering the right treatment to the right person." The program is divided into two critical focus areas: one supporting research using lupus patient biospecimens with an award of $500,000 over two years, and another funding small mechanistic clinical trials with an award of $1,000,000 over three years. Both grants will leverage the unique resources of the Lupus Research Alliance and clinical affiliate Lupus Therapeutics — including the Lupus Nexus, a comprehensive registry, biorepository, and data platform, and the Lupus Clinical Investigators Network (LuCIN), a consortium of more than 60 sites collaborating with industry partners to advance lupus clinical trials. The inaugural recipients were selected after a rigorous and comprehensive review of their potential to investigate mechanisms that may further the pursuit of precision medicine. They are: Deborah Cunninghame Graham, PhD , Non-Clinical Senior Lecturer in Molecular Medicine in the Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London Dr. Cunninghame Graham is studying two immune proteins – OX40 and OX40L – that are associated with genetic risk and disease activity in lupus and are detectable in the blood. Her research explores whether measuring them can help predict disease activity and whether blocking their interaction could lead to more targeted lupus treatments. Findings from this study may immediately support therapeutic testing in lupus, as therapies targeting OX40/OX40L are already undergoing clinical testing in autoimmunity. Victoria Werth, MD , Professor of Dermatology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Dr. Werth is investigating how the antimalarial medication quinacrine helps a subset of cutaneous lupus patients who don't respond to the standard treatment of another antimalarial, hydroxychloroquine. Her team has found that quinacrine may be more effective in some patients by targeting certain parts of the immune system that hydroxychloroquine doesn't affect. By analyzing patient-derived skin and blood samples in a clinical trial testing quinacrine therapy, Dr. Werth aims to identify biomarkers that predict how a patient might respond to treatment — guiding more personalized care. Applications for the 2026 Mechanistic Clinical Awards, which will uniquely focus on lifestyle interventions, are now being accepted and can be found here. To learn more about the Lupus Research Alliance's funded research, visit here. About Lupus Lupus is a chronic, complex autoimmune disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In lupus, the immune system, meant to defend against infections, produces autoantibodies that mistake the body's own cells as foreign, causing other immune cells to attack organs such as the kidneys, brain, heart, lungs, and skin, as well as blood and joints. Ninety percent of people with lupus are women, most often diagnosed between the ages of 15–45. Black, Latinx, Indigenous, Asian and Pacific Islander people are disproportionately affected by lupus. About the Lupus Research Alliance The Lupus Research Alliance is the largest non-governmental, non-profit funder of lupus research worldwide. The organization aims to transform treatment by funding the most innovative lupus research, fostering scientific talent, and driving discovery toward better diagnostics, improved treatments and, ultimately, a cure for lupus. Because the Lupus Research Alliance's Board of Directors funds all administrative and fundraising costs, 100% of all donations goes to support lupus research programs. For more information or to donate to lupus research, visit the LRA at LupusResearch.org and on social media at: X, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram. SOURCE Lupus Research Alliance 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

Clinical Study

02 Dec 2025

·www.biopharmadive.com

Janux sinks on ‘overreaction’ to prostate cancer data; RFK Jr. replaces ACIP chair

Today, a brief rundown of news from Janux Therapeutics and the Department of Health and Human Services, as well as updates from Eli Lilly and AstraZeneca that you may have missed.Shares of Janux Therapeutics fell nearly 50% on Tuesday after the company reported new early-stage results for a type of masked T cell engager its developing for advanced prostate cancer. Januxs drug, JANX007, was associated with a response rate of 30% among 27 evaluable patients in its latest data cut, down from the 50% response rate disclosed last December. Janux also didnt reveal which responses were unconfirmed, or not corroborated by a subsequent scan. While acknowledging those criticisms as fair, William Blair analyst Matt Phipps countered that, in patients who were treated with the dosing regimens advancing into further testing, or who had a lower tumor burden, the data still suggest JANX007 has a possible best-in-disease profile. The selloff is an overreaction, he wrote in a client note. Ben FidlerThe U.S. Department of Health and Human Services named Martin Kulldorff the chief science officer for the in-house group, known for short as ASPE, that guides the agency on health policy. Kulldorff has been chairing the influential panel, ACIP, that Robert F. Kennedy Jr. recast with vaccine skeptics. His job leading ACIP has been handed to Kirk Milhoan, a pediatric cardiologist who has been critical of COVID-19 vaccines and promoted the use of unproven drugs like hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin to treat the disease during the pandemic. ACIP will meet later this week to discuss the childhood immunization schedule and hepatitis B shots. Ben FidlerEli Lilly said Monday it is dropping the price of the single-dose vials of obesity drug Zepbound that it sells to cash-paying customers through its online channel. According to Lilly, those customers will now pay $299 a month for a starter dose and a maximum of $499 monthly afterwards. The announcement comes less than a month after the Indianapolis-based drugmaker reached an agreement with the Trump administration to lower Zepbound to an average of $346 a month when purchased through a U.S. government cash-pay portal. The new $299 price will apply to the 2.5 milligram weekly starter dose and is down from $349. The 5 milligram dose will now cost $399 instead of $499, while all other doses will be priced at $449. Jonathan GardnerThe Food and Drug Administration will begin reviewing baxdrostat, a blood pressure medication AstraZeneca acquired in a 2023 buyout of CinCor Pharma. The agency has also granted baxdrostat a priority review for its proposed use of treating hard-to-control hypertension, meaning a decision will likely come during the second quarter of 2026, the company said Tuesday. AstraZeneca previously said it expects baxdrostat to eventually generate billions of dollars in yearly sales. It's also being tested as a treatment for primary aldosteronism and in combination with Farxiga for chronic kidney disease and heart failure prevention. Ben Fidler '

VaccineAcquisitionClinical ResultPriority Review

01 Dec 2025

·www.drugs.com

CDC Names Ralph Abraham as Second-in-Command Despite Vaccine Controversy

MONDAY, Dec. 1, 2025 — A Louisiana physician who has questioned vaccine safety and halted his state’s vaccination campaigns in the past is now serving in one of the top roles at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Dr. Ralph Abraham , a former congressman and Louisiana’s surgeon general in 2024, discretely began his position as the CDC’s principal deputy director on Nov. 23, according to the agency’s internal employee directory. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services later confirmed the appointment. Abraham has taken public views that differ significantly from long-standing CDC recommendations. He has called COVID-19 vaccines “dangerous,” supported the use of unproven COVID treatments such as hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin , and has urged people to avoid Tylenol during pregnancy except when “absolutely necessary.” He has also promoted removing aluminum-based ingredients from vaccines and questioned routine hepatitis B immunization at birth. Before entering public office, Abraham practiced medicine and veterinary medicine for decades. He represented Louisiana in Congress from 2014 to 2020 and was appointed surgeon general of Louisiana last year. While in that role, he ordered the state health department to stop mass vaccination campaigns and waited two months to alert the public about a whooping cough outbreak that caused two deaths, delaying a response that other health officials say should have happened immediately. Former CDC principal deputy director Dr. Nirav Shah , who held the same role until early 2024, said he was stunned by the appointment. "My jaw hit the ground," Shah told The New York Times . "A large part of the principal deputy’s portfolio is emergency response," Shah said. "Delayed notifying of the public of at least two pertussis deaths is not just unacceptable, it’s shameful," he added. Despite his past statements, Abraham will be the highest-ranking medical doctor at the CDC, which is currently led by acting director Jim O’Neil , a former biotechnology executive. Abraham has also criticized public health policies from the COVID-19 pandemic, calling them “tyrannical." He has repeated false claims about vaccine ingredients and said he sees people injured by the vaccine "every day," despite extensive research showing COVID-19 vaccines reduce severe illness and death. Studies have consistently shown that the COVID-19 vaccines lowered hospitalization rates and prevented transmission early in the pandemic, before major virus mutations occurred. Earlier this year, Abraham urged Louisiana Senator Dr. Bill Cassidy , a gastroenterologist who strongly supports childhood vaccines, to confirm Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as health secretary. The two men later fell out publicly over vaccines. Last week, however, Cassidy said he hoped to work with Abraham. "I am hopeful that the two of us as doctors can continue to engage in science-based conversations to protect children, including vaccinating children to prevent measles, whooping cough and hepatitis," Cassidy said. Sources The New York Times, Nov. 25, 2025

VaccineExecutive Change

100 Deals associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D02114	Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate	P01BA02	DB01611

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid	United States	Novitium Pharma LLC	14 Jan 2022
Malaria	United States	Novitium Pharma LLC	14 Jan 2022
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous	Japan	Sanofi KK	03 Jul 2015
Acute Malaria	United States	Advanz Pharma Corp. Ltd.	18 Apr 1955
Rheumatoid Arthritis	United States	Advanz Pharma Corp. Ltd.	18 Apr 1955
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	United States	Advanz Pharma Corp. Ltd.	18 Apr 1955

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
COVID-19	Phase 3	United States	Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.	01 May 2020
Primary Sjögren's syndrome	Phase 3	France	Sanofi	01 Mar 2008
Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer	Phase 2	Ireland	Novartis AG	31 May 2023
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Phase 2	United States	West Virginia University Hospitals, Inc.	04 Feb 2020
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastatic	Phase 1	United States	Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.	18 Jan 2019
Pancreatic carcinoma non-resectable	Phase 1	United States	Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.	18 Jan 2019
Chorioamnionitis	Preclinical	-	-	17 Nov 2025
Breast Cancer	Preclinical	United States	University of Pennsylvania	02 Sep 2025
Breast Cancer	Preclinical	United States	Berry Consultants LLC	02 Sep 2025
Sleep Apnea Syndromes	Preclinical	United States	University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio	20 Jun 2025

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04303507 (COPCOV, Pubmed \| Trials)	Phase 3	COVID-19	76	Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine	yijxquqeew(qqgjwdtnir) = hobzezbbup ofxsrznbjr (yxxpmdejau, 42.0)	Positive	16 Dec 2025
NCT03032406 (CLEVER, SABCS2025)	Phase 2	Breast Cancer ER+ \| HER2+ \| CK	51	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)	vdattctgow(kifnvujiim) = ichhliuwqo chgryawryb (hvioyryfyk ) View more	Positive	11 Dec 2025
				Everolimus (EVE)	-
NCT02603146 (ACR2025)	Phase 2	Rheumatoid Arthritis	144	Hydroxychloroquine	jsimkeepik(cwnbxntczg) = Results for IA were similar. vcuhwezsdq (hhpkbutezt ) View more	Negative	24 Oct 2025
				Placebo
ACR2025	Not Applicable	Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic \| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	29	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) monotherapy	fnzjchjwzs(ixzljzycmb) = yrluonlfxu nfixdrhlkf (nikwarowui ) View more	Positive	24 Oct 2025
NCT03032406 (CLEVER, Pubmed \| Nat Med)	Phase 2	Breast Cancer	51	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)	yhcjwzytdp(pvwulpsfnv) = ebepafwufo xlawztqyvb (mynlfweofm )	Positive	01 Oct 2025
				Everolimus (EVE)	yhcjwzytdp(pvwulpsfnv) = xptmefsgye xlawztqyvb (mynlfweofm )
EURETINA2025	Not Applicable	Retinal Diseases	368	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (Definite/Probable HCQ Retinopathy)	kybcfojdwf(icspcxnwge) = gxxpbjocqm qjjvihlloy (ewqwjbwynp ) View more	Positive	04 Sep 2025
				Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (No Retinopathy)	kybcfojdwf(icspcxnwge) = srhatahorq qjjvihlloy (ewqwjbwynp ) View more
NCT02603146 (Pubmed \| Arthritis Rheumatol)	Phase 2	Rheumatoid Arthritis	144	Hydroxychloroquine	jtmsajslub(rzstpwgtvd) = rfonduuyjd zobotrpznp (ngzgpojton )	Negative	29 Aug 2025
				Placebo	jtmsajslub(rzstpwgtvd) = zgjlwhqotd zobotrpznp (ngzgpojton )
NCT03030118 (SMILE, CTgov)	Phase 2	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	187	Hydroxychloroquine (Hydroxychloroquine)	qshvfvtfpb = xymfypuxnd bqufbfrdjo (yuquugomwv, isjhwcsbpu - sgbxkgyuur) View more	-	29 Aug 2025
				Placebo Oral Capsule (Placebo Oral Capsule)	qshvfvtfpb = qohcdwwvft bqufbfrdjo (yuquugomwv, mxtipvnsba - lehsfgaflb) View more
EULAR2025	Not Applicable	Arthritis, Psoriatic	13,710	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) users	ygiotvqtqg(fixboljlyw): RR = 0.833 (95.0% CI, 0.7 - 0.992), P-Value = 0.04 View more	Positive	11 Jun 2025
				Non-HCQ users
NCT04011410 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma \| Oligometastatic Prostate Carcinoma	20	Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate 200Mg Tab	haujpuaflo = icracjmbrl cgwyoajjck (wcrtpqissw, yzxxildkbx - wzyptovmjr) View more	-	11 Apr 2025

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