Delving into the Latest Updates on Alanylglutamine with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Synthetic peptide

Synonyms

(D-Glu)-isomer-alanylglutamine, Ala-Gln, Alany Glutamine

+ [14]

Target

IL-17

Action

modulators

Mechanism

IL-17 modulators(Interleukin-17 modulators), Amino acid modulators

Therapeutic Areas

Congenital DisordersEndocrinology and Metabolic DiseaseUrogenital Diseases+ [1]

Active Indication

Glutamine Deficiency, CongenitalKidney Failure, ChronicPeritoneal Fibrosis

Inactive Indication

Dietary SupplementPeritonitis

Originator Organization

Fresenius Kabi AG

Active Organization

VUmc

Zytoprotec GmbH

Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA

Inactive Organization

Beijing Suliman Medicine & Technology Co. Ltd.

Academy of Military Medical Sciences

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

Germany (01 Apr 1995)

RegulationOrphan Drug (United States)

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC8H15N3O4

InChIKeyHJCMDXDYPOUFDY-WHFBIAKZSA-N

CAS Registry39537-23-0

Glutamine availability may be reduced in chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced by obesity. Herein, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and lipid metabolism effects of chronic oral glutamine supplementation in its free and dipeptide form were assessed in ob/ob mice. Adult male C57BL/6J ob/ob mice were supplemented with L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP) or free L-glutamine (GLN) in the drinking water for 40 days, whilst C57BL/6J Wild-type lean (WT) and control ob/ob mice (CTRL) received fresh water only. Plasma and tissue (skeletal muscle and liver) glutamine levels, and insulin resistance parameters (e.g., GTT, ITT, insulin) were determined. Oxidative stress (e.g., GSH system, Nrf2 translocation), inflammatory (e.g., NFkB translocation, TNF-α gene expression) and lipid metabolism parameters (e.g., plasma and liver triglyceride levels, SRBP-1, FAS, ACC, and ChRBP gene expression) were also analyzed. CTRL ob/ob mice showed lower glutamine levels in plasma and tissue, as well as increased insulin resistance and fat in the liver. Conversely, chronic DIP supplementation restored glutamine levels in plasma and tissues, improved glucose homeostasis and reduced plasma and liver lipid levels. Also, Nrf2 restoration, reduced NFkB translocation, and lower TNF-α gene expression was observed in the DIP group. Interestingly, chronic free GLN only increased muscle glutamine stores but reduced overall insulin resistance, and attenuated plasma and liver lipid metabolic biomarkers. The results presented herein indicate that restoration of body glutamine levels reduces oxidative stress and inflammation in obese and T2DM ob/ob mice. This effect attenuated hepatic lipid metabolic changes observed in obesity.

01 Feb 2025·Transplantation

L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine Alleviated Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Primary Graft Dysfunction in Rat Lung Transplants

Article

Author: Zhang, Huan ; Wang, Zhaokai ; Liu, Mingyao ; Huang, Lei ; Sun, Xiangfu ; Huang, Zhihong ; Xin, Gaojie ; Jiang, Ke ; Song, Naicheng ; Huang, Ai

Background.Concern of ischemia-reperfusion injury reduces utilization of donor lungs. We hypothesized adding L-alanyl-L-glutamine (L-AG) to preservation solution may protect donor lungs from ischemia-reperfusion injury through its multiple cytoprotective effects.Methods.A lung transplantation cell culture model was used on human lung epithelial cells and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and the effects of adding different concentrations of L-AG on basic cellular function were tested. Rat donor lungs were preserved at 4 °C with 8 mmol/L L-AG for 12 h followed by 4 h reperfusion or monitored for 3 d. Lung function, lung histology, inflammation, and cell death biomarker were tested. Computerized tomography scan was used and metabolomic analysis was performed on lung tissues.Results.Cold preservation with L-AG improved cell viability and inhibited apoptosis in cell culture. Rat donor lungs treated with L-AG during cold storage showed decreased peak airway pressure, higher dynamic compliance and oxygenation ability, reduced lung injury, apoptosis, and oxidative stress during reperfusion. L-AG treatment significantly changed 130 metabolites during reperfusion, with enhanced amino acid biosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Furthermore, cold storage with L-AG decreased primary graft dysfunction grade, improved oxygenation, reduced pulmonary atelectasis, sign of infection, and pneumothorax in a rat left lung transplant 3-d survival model.Conclusions.Adding L-AG to cold preservation solution reduced lung injury and alleviated primary graft dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death with modified metabolic activities.

28 Jan 2025·Analytical Chemistry

Microseparation of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Metabolites for Single Oocyte Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Article

Author: Du, Murong ; Pan, Siyuan ; Yang, Jinlei ; Zhang, Sichun ; Liu, Weiliang ; Zhang, Xinrong ; Wang, Jing ; Liao, Tianyi ; Cheng, Runsong ; Yan, Liying

Single-cell metabolic analysis has not yet achieved the coverage of bulk analysis due to the diversity of cellular metabolites and the ionization competition among species. Direct ionization methods without separation lead to the masking of low-intensity species. By designing a capillary column emitter and introducing reverse-phase chromatography principles, we achieved the microseparation of lipophilic and hydrophilic metabolites and lowered the limit of detection of hydrophilic metabolites to the level of a single oocyte. We identified 517 metabolite species in a single oocyte, achieving coverage and reproducibility comparable to those of bulk analysis. By comparing oocytes at different maturation stages, 76 metabolic features were identified with significant differences between the germinal vesicle and meiosis II stages. Metabolite level changes suggested the roles of lipid metabolism remodeling, increased amino acid synthesis, and a shift from pyrimidine metabolism to purine metabolism in the process of oocyte maturation. This microseparation mass spectrometry analysis is expected to promote single-cell metabolomics.

100 Deals associated with Alanylglutamine

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	B05XB02	DB11876

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Glutamine Deficiency, Congenital	China	Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA	03 Apr 1999

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Kidney Failure, Chronic	Phase 2	Austria	Zytoprotec GmbH	16 Mar 2022
Peritoneal Fibrosis	Preclinical	Netherlands	VUmc	03 Nov 2015
Peritonitis	Discovery	Austria	Zytoprotec GmbH	02 Jun 2014
Dietary Supplement	Discovery	China	Academy of Military Medical Sciences	-
Dietary Supplement	Discovery	China	Beijing Suliman Medicine & Technology Co. Ltd.	-

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04560309 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Coronary Artery Disease	60	L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (Glutamine)	nmtpjlfceu(hytlwwszyj) = nvogohpuzj kteaebdxfd (emggglwajw, ibjibkelel - hnorbzhtfq) View more	-	13 Nov 2023
				Placebo (Control)	nmtpjlfceu(hytlwwszyj) = tvwaveypop kteaebdxfd (emggglwajw, uuthvurgjw - nsftdvqggz) View more
NCT02053350 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Clostridium difficile infection	7	Alanyl-glutamine	fllemqozah(mjltidlrrj) = qauosyeovl ddcgqplhiz (cerrjvhgnw, qduekrauvm - wrlwfqqxik) View more	-	07 Jun 2022
ERA2017	Not Applicable	-	-	ALANYLGLUTAMINE (Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid (PDF))	xsmgsjyyeg(egsmzfdedu) = pkazaxejfl erlewfdqod (qqcswykurf )	-	26 May 2017
				Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid (PDF) + Alanyl-Glutamine (AlaGln)	xsmgsjyyeg(egsmzfdedu) = zkhoypxhqc erlewfdqod (qqcswykurf )
EUCTR2012-004004-36-AT (ASN2015)	Not Applicable	Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis peritoneal leukocyte immuno-competence \| peritoneal leukocyte transcriptome status	6	Alanyl-Glutamine (Standard PD fluid (Physioneal40 3.86%, Baxter))	ojkrfkylxn(zsqrjxvfzv) = ziigalkuok hogzokoqqw (nfqtigejsi )	Positive	03 Nov 2015
				AlaGln-supplemented PD fluid	ojkrfkylxn(zsqrjxvfzv) = atlmezaiiq hogzokoqqw (nfqtigejsi )
NCT00248638 (GLND, CTgov)	Phase 3	Critical Illness	150	15% Clinisol (Glutamine Dipeptide)	atsmvntgpv(hjchzsohcn) = sfjotajgza dvdbcgiotp (tdgqxaytnq, syoovfqnps - qixgurrxvo) View more	-	13 Feb 2014
				15% Clinisol (Standard)	atsmvntgpv(hjchzsohcn) = xpffsjtvaj dvdbcgiotp (tdgqxaytnq, gooxvbpsmi - kndjwhdmsb) View more

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