Regorafenib

RAHWAY, NJ, USA I September 25, 2024 I Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, today announced that the Phase 3 KEYFORM-007 trial evaluating the investigational fixed-dose combination of favezelimab, Merck’s anti-LAG-3 antibody, and pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA ® ), Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, did not meet its primary endpoint of overall survival (OS) for the treatment of patients with previously treated PD-L1 positive microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). At the final pre-specified analysis, the favezelimab and pembrolizumab fixed-dose combination did not demonstrate an improvement in OS compared to standard of care (regorafenib or TAS-102 [trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride]). The safety profile of the fixed-dose combination was consistent with that observed for favezelimab and pembrolizumab in previously reported studies, with no new safety signals observed. A full evaluation of the data is ongoing and Merck will work with investigators to share the results with the scientific community. “Metastatic colorectal cancer continues to be a challenging disease to treat, especially for the majority of patients who have microsatellite stable disease, which has had limited response to immunotherapies,” said Dr. M. Catherine Pietanza, vice president, global clinical development, Merck Research Laboratories. “We are grateful to the patients and investigators for their participation in this study, and we will continue to advance our clinical development program to evaluate KEYTRUDA-based combinations and novel candidates for patients with colorectal cancer in need of new options.” In the U.S., KEYTRUDA is approved for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer as determined by an FDA-approved test. KEYTRUDA is not approved for the treatment of MSS mCRC. The favezelimab and pembrolizumab fixed-dose combination is also being evaluated in certain hematologic malignancies and multiple solid tumor types. Ongoing studies include KEYFORM-008 , a Phase 3 study evaluating the fixed-dose combination in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma whose disease has progressed following prior anti-PD-1 therapy. About KEYFORM-007 KEYFORM-007 is a randomized, open-label Phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05064059 ) evaluating the fixed-dose combination of favezelimab and pembrolizumab (MK-4280A) versus standard of care, regorafenib or TAS-102 (trifluridine and tipiracil), for the treatment of patients with PD-L1 positiveMSS mCRC who were previously treated with standard therapies. The primary endpoint is OS, and key secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, objective response rate, duration of response, safety and quality of life. The trial enrolled 441 patients who were randomized (1:1) to receive: About colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer can be referred to as colon cancer or rectal cancer, depending on where the cancer starts. Colorectal cancer often begins with growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum called polyps, which can change into cancer over time. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is estimated there were nearly 1.9 million patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and more than 900,000 patient deaths from the disease globally in 2022. In the United States, it is estimated that there will be approximately 107,000 patients diagnosed with colon cancer and approximately 46,000 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer, resulting in more than 53,000 deaths from colorectal cancer in 2024. The five-year relative survival rates in the U.S. for metastatic colon cancer and rectal cancer (stage IV) are estimated to be 13% and 18%, respectively. About favezelimab Favezelimab (MK-4280) is an investigational anti-lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) antibody. LAG-3 is a cell surface immunomodulatory receptor expressed on various immune cells that down-regulates T cell proliferation and activation. Favezelimab aims to restore T cell effector function by preventing LAG-3 from binding to its primary ligand, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. The fixed-dose combination of favezelimab and pembrolizumab (MK-4280A) is being evaluated across multiple solid tumor types and in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma whose disease has progressed following prior anti-PD-1 therapy. About KEYTRUDA ® (pembrolizumab) injection, 100 mg KEYTRUDA is an anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) therapy that works by increasing the ability of the body’s immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD- L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells. Merck has the industry’s largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,600 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient’s likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers. Selected KEYTRUDA ® (pembrolizumab) Indications in the U.S. Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Melanoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with Stage IIB, IIC, or III melanoma following complete resection. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is: KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) NSCLC in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated as adjuvant treatment following resection and platinum-based chemotherapy for adult patients with Stage IB (T2a ≥4 cm), II, or IIIA NSCLC. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-approved test. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with refractory cHL, or cHL that has relapsed after 2 or more lines of therapy. Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy. Urothelial Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with enfortumab vedotin, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy. Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. Gastric Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with trastuzumab, fluoropyrimidine- and platinum containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval of this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. KEYTRUDA, in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Esophageal Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) (tumors with epicenter 1 to 5 centimeters above the GEJ) carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation either: Cervical Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), is indicated for the treatment of patients with FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA cervical cancer. KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Hepatocellular Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to hepatitis B who have received prior systemic therapy other than a PD-1/PD-L1-containing regimen. Biliary Tract Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). Merkel Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Renal Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with RCC at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions. Endometrial Carcinoma KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by KEYTRUDA as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is MSI-H or dMMR, as determined by an FDA-approved test, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. Tumor Mutational Burden-High Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [≥10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) or locally advanced cSCC that is not curable by surgery or radiation. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemotherapy, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Merck’s focus on cancer Every day, we follow the science as we work to discover innovations that can help patients, no matter what stage of cancer they have. As a leading oncology company, we are pursuing research where scientific opportunity and medical need converge, underpinned by our diverse pipeline of more than 25 novel mechanisms. With one of the largest clinical development programs across more than 30 tumor types, we strive to advance breakthrough science that will shape the future of oncology. By addressing barriers to clinical trial participation, screening and treatment, we work with urgency to reduce disparities and help ensure patients have access to high-quality cancer care. Our unwavering commitment is what will bring us closer to our goal of bringing life to more patients with cancer. For more information, visit https://www-merck-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/research/oncology . About Merck At Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than 130 years, we have brought hope to humanity through the development of important medicines and vaccines. We aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world – and today, we are at the forefront of research to deliver innovative health solutions that advance the prevention and treatment of diseases in people and animals. We foster a diverse and inclusive global workforce and operate responsibly every day to enable a safe, sustainable and healthy future for all people and communities. For more information, visit www.merck.com and connect with us on X (formerly Twitter) , Facebook , Instagram , YouTube and LinkedIn . SOURCE: Merck

iStock, Sundry Photography Merck follows in the footsteps of Bristol Myers Squibb, which in December 2023 also failed to secure a late-stage victory for its combo regimen of a PD-1 blocker and an anti-LAG-3 antibody. Merck on Wednesday announced that its blockbuster PD-1 inhibitor Keytruda (pembrolizumab), when combined with the investigational anti-LAG-3 antibody favezelimab, failed to significantly improve survival in the Phase III KEYFORM-007 study of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Data were sparse in Merck’s announcement. The company only revealed that at the final pre-specified analysis, the Keytruda regimen “did not demonstrate an improvement in OS [overall survival] compared to standard of care.” Despite the efficacy miss, KEYFORM-007 confirmed the individual safety pro Keytruda and favezelimab and found no new signals of concern. Catherine Pietanza, vice president of global clinical development at Merck Research Laboratories, said in a statement that despite this Phase III stumble, the pharma will “continue to advance our clinical development program to evaluate Keytruda-based combinations and novel candidates” for colorectal cancer patients. KEYFORM-007 , a randomized and open-label study, enrolled more than 440 patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who are positive for PD-L1 expression and who had undergone prior lines of standard treatment. The investigational regimen was given at a fixed dose—800 mg for favezelimab and 200 mg for Keytruda—and was compared against standard care, which consisted of an investigator’s choice of regorafenib or trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride. The study’s primary outcome was overall survival. Key secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, objective response rate, duration of response and safety. KEYFORM-007 was also designed to evaluate the effect of the Keytruda combo on patients’ quality of life. Merck said it is still conducting a full review of KEYFORM-007’s data and plans to share the findings with the scientific community in the future. Keytruda , a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody, works by targeting the PD-1 receptor and preventing its interaction with corresponding ligands, preventing cancer cells from evading the body’s anti-tumor immune response. This mechanism of action has turned Keytruda into a cornerstone of cancer therapy since its first approval in 2014 for advanced melanoma. Last year, the blockbuster therapy brought in more than $25 billion in revenue . Keytruda is also approved for colorectal cancer, breaking into this indication in June 2020 . However, the PD-1 inhibitor is only indicated specifically for unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer. Wednesday’s late-stage stumble effectively slows its push into the MSS colorectal cancer setting—a therapeutic space that has been hard to break open. In December 2023, Bristol Myers Squibb announced that it was discontinuing the Phase III RELATIVITY-123 study in the same indication after a planned analysis concluded that the company’s Opdualag (nivolumab and relatlimab)—also a combination of a PD-1 blocker and an anti-LAG-3 antibody—was unlikely to improve overall survival.