Neublastin

The immune system and inflammatory proteins influence hematologic malignancies, but causal links with immune cell phenotypes are unclear.

We applied a prespecified, multistage workflow: two‐sample and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR; 731 immune traits across 12 hematologic cancers), two‐step mediation Mendelian randomization (MR) of 91 circulating inflammatory proteins, MAGMA/FUMA gene and pathway enrichment, and external validation with trait‐specific genetic risk scores (GRSs) in UK Biobank (UKB). We then performed CCR2 perturbation assays in human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP‐1) and immortalized bone marrow‐derived macrophage (IBMDM) cells with artemin ( ARTN ) mRNA readouts and examined proteomic correlations for ARTN using the Olink inflammatory panel.

Eight immune phenotypes showed FDR–significant causal associations with malignancy, seven of which remained independent in MVMR. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), CCR2 on CD62L+ myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) was associated with lower risk, whereas BAFF-R and CD19 on transitional B cells were associated with higher risk, CD19 on IgD − CD38^dim B cells was associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and HLA‐DR + NK cells were protective in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Mediation MR identified three protein mediators— CD40L , IL-33 , and ARTN , with ARTN mediating the CCR2 ‐AML association. GRS analyses reproduced risk directions, most prominently the protective CCR2 –AML association. In THP‐1 and IBMDM models, CCR2 inhibition or knockdown increased ARTN mRNA expression, functionally supporting a CCR2 → ARTN regulatory relationship. Proteomic correlations positioned ARTN with immune‐metabolic proteins ( CLEC6A , SIGLEC6 , NPC2 , and MTHFD2 ). Pathway analyses highlighted membrane‐proximal processes (external plasma membrane and IgG binding) and a 16p11.2 signal.

This integrative analysis identified CCR2 – ARTN as a mechanistically supported immune‐inflammation axis contributing to AML risk, offering a potential therapeutic target and warrants direct validation in primary CD62L+ myeloid DCs.

Oat β-glucans are recognised for their health-promoting effects, particularly in reducing cholesterol and controlling glycaemia. However, limited data exist on the compositional and rheological properties of β-glucan-enriched ingredients obtained from Chilean oats. This study aimed to characterise two powdered β-glucan-rich ingredients: BG10 (10.21% β-glucan content) and BG15 (15.33% β-glucan content) and evaluate their effects on wheat dough properties. BG10 and BG15, ingredients from Chilean oats, were analysed for proximate composition and carbohydrate content, including β-glucans, dietary fiber, and resistant starch. Physical characterisation included colour parameters, β-glucan molecular weight, and glass transition temperature (Tg). Wheat doughs with 2 and 9% substitution levels of BG10 and BG15 were tested using alveography, mixography/farinography, and rheofermentation. BG10 and BG15 showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in most compositional and physical parameters, except for ash and total dietary fiber. Both ingredients had high β-glucan molecular weights (> 3000 kDa), suggesting favourable bioactivity. BG10 exhibited two Tg values, while BG15 showed none. Colour differences may influence on the food product appearance. Rheological tests indicated that dough behaviour depends, as well of the flour substitution level, on both chemical composition and physical traits from BG10 and BG15, such as its hydration capacity and molecular structure. BG10 and BG15 offer potential as functional food ingredients obtained from Chilean oats. Their differing nutritional and physical properties must be considered in food product formulation to optimise dough structure and processing performance, especially in health-oriented wheat-based foods.