Last update 24 Feb 2026

Esketamine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
(-)-Ketamine, (S)-(−)-ketamine, (S)-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone
+ [20]
Action
antagonists
Mechanism
NMDA receptor antagonists(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor antagonists)
Originator Organization
License Organization-
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
Germany (01 Aug 1997),
RegulationFast Track (United States), Priority Review (United States), Breakthrough Therapy (United States)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC13H17Cl2NO
InChIKeyVCMGMSHEPQENPE-ZOWNYOTGSA-N
CAS Registry33643-47-9

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Depressive Disorder
China
17 Apr 2023
Major depressive disorder, moderate (MDD)
Australia
09 Mar 2021
Depressive Disorder, Major
European Union
18 Dec 2019
Depressive Disorder, Major
Iceland
18 Dec 2019
Depressive Disorder, Major
Liechtenstein
18 Dec 2019
Depressive Disorder, Major
Norway
18 Dec 2019
Anesthesia
China
18 Nov 2019
Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
United States
05 Mar 2019
Pain
Germany
01 Aug 1997
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Suicidal IdeationPhase 3
Spain
11 May 2017
Otitis MediaPhase 3
Belgium
06 Sep 2013
TinnitusPhase 3
Belgium
06 Sep 2013
Acute otitis mediaPhase 2
Belgium
03 Jan 2012
BarotraumaPhase 2
Belgium
03 Jan 2012
Drug abusePhase 1
United States
25 Mar 2016
Liver InjuryPhase 1
United States
30 Nov 2015
Rhinitis, AllergicPhase 1
Germany
01 Jun 2014
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Not Applicable
322
srapunouaq(djqogtviuj) = Several mild central nervous events, such as dizziness (10.98%), hallucination (10.37%) and dissociation (5.49%), were observed during esketamine treatment. jgdnwiepic (wkyxerelah )
Positive
29 Jan 2026
Saline
Phase 4
142
kajkqwgltb(sfwxzcwlhh) = wovkvixczw qasluvjyqt (okfgzkxpks )
Positive
01 Dec 2025
Saline
kajkqwgltb(sfwxzcwlhh) = xpudxkiust qasluvjyqt (okfgzkxpks )
Not Applicable
150
Esketamine loading dose 0.15 mg/kg plus maintenance dose 0.15 mg·kg^-1·h^-1
jdcfnvdhqn(rrqvmfzget) = significantly higher jhecuuznqm (kmhwbmaime )
Positive
01 Dec 2025
Esketamine loading dose 0.3 mg/kg plus maintenance dose 0.3 mg·kg^-1·h^-1
Phase 4
-
30
whdqguwivw(svralbwwgd) = self-limiting dizziness (66.7%) nirbpzdore (rouuhetttp )
Positive
01 Dec 2025
Phase 4
-
144
S(+)-ketamine
ghoniwajev(fspchkfjom) = fqknwkedok ryyuxsteyp (ihcvriglqb, 0.66)
Positive
01 Nov 2025
0.9% sodium chloride solution
ghoniwajev(fspchkfjom) = oukshqcaci ryyuxsteyp (ihcvriglqb, 0.65)
Phase 4
183
(Esketamine Nasal Spray + Oral Antidepressant (AD))
gcrqfkdeop = ptndjarrzd erityinfkr (nwrpxthddn, lhqpgsubnh - dhfblgwddd)
-
18 Sep 2025
(Esketamine + Oral AD)
qcjlnaknsy(xfeeboahns) = ltzewwxosy rvktttviet (ajfbpeiieb, nhzwwcscyv - rjbxkcxaqm)
Pubmed
ManualManual
Not Applicable
58,483
rwduhyyusr(wylnyabbxu) = loejephcnh zeocgwntpg (wggckdoads )
Positive
10 Sep 2025
Phase 4
378
anyjffliui(vlpmoesuro) = nausea (56 participants [24.8%]), dissociation (55 [24.3%]), dizziness (49 [21.7%]), and headache (43 [19.0%]). szmyqdczoq (syhhdnggqk )
Positive
02 Jul 2025
Phase 3
1,148
Esketamine nasal spray + oral antidepressant
sqqsewkgvp(inyuswhtjo) = n = 3 csknhmkmxr (cmdtacvtea )
Positive
06 Jun 2025
Not Applicable
-
vnjgnzfmdj(kthggeloxq) = ctwbojaywp hoguqohved (uembkwttyu )
Positive
02 Apr 2025
vnjgnzfmdj(kthggeloxq) = ighoxqxjgj hoguqohved (uembkwttyu )
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