Prevalence, comorbidities, and treatment patterns of Japanese patients with alopecia areata: A descriptive study using Japan medical data center claims database

Article

Author: Ohyama, Manabu ; Campos‐Alberto, Eduardo ; Hirose, Tomohiro ; Napatalung, Lynne

AbstractReal‐world data on alopecia areata (AA) demographics, comorbidities, and treatment patterns are sparse, not only in Japan but worldwide. This cross‐sectional study assessed the current prevalence of AA in Japan, including analysis of severe subsets, frequency of comorbidities, and unmet medical needs surrounding treatment. Patients registered in the Japan Medical Data Center claims database (January 2012 to December 2019) and diagnosed with AA were included. Prevalence was calculated yearly, with the most common comorbidities evaluated, and treatments described in the Japanese Dermatological Association AA management guidelines and approved in Japan were included in the analysis. In total, 61 899 patients were diagnosed with AA. Among them, 1497 were diagnosed with severe subtypes. AA prevalence in Japan has been gradually increasing (from 0.16% in 2012 to 0.27% in 2019). The most common comorbidities are allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. Depression and anxiety are frequent in these patients, as are autoimmune diseases, e.g., vitiligo, thyroid diseases, and rheumatoid arthritis. Intriguingly, the analysis found Down syndrome to be a comorbidity associated with severe AA in children. The principal treatments were topical corticosteroids, followed by carpronium chloride and cepharanthine. The use of systemic corticosteroids and antihistamines is increased in severe disease. The Japanese Dermatological Association guidelines do not support the use of oral corticosteroids in children; however, in the database, this has been prescribed in up to 2.5% and 9.8% of all pediatric and severe pediatric AA cases, respectively. Despite the limitations of using a claims database, the current study demonstrates that AA prevalence in Japan has gradually increased in recent years, with allergic diseases being the most common comorbidities. The data also imply that there is a need for effective and safe therapies, especially for severe and pediatric cases.

01 Sep 2022·YAKUGAKU ZASSHI

Effects of Skin Environmental Changes by Steam Towel, Ethanol, <i>l</i>-Menthol and Carpronium on the Drug Behavior in the Minoxidil Nanoparticles-applied Mice

Article

Author: Nagai, Noriaki ; Nagahama, Tohru ; Sasaki, Fuka ; Deguchi, Saori ; Oaku, Yoshihiro ; Abe, Akinari ; Kadowaki, Reita ; Goto, Ryoka ; Kubota, Chika

We previously designed the formulation containing minoxidil (MXD) nanoparticles (MXD-NPs), and found that the MXD-NPs can mainly deliver MXD into hair bulbs via hair follicles pathway, and that the therapeutic efficiency for hair growth is higher in comparison with the formulation containing dissolved MXD. In this study, we investigated whether the skin environmental changes by the treatment of steam towel, ethanol, l-menthol and commercially available (CA) carpronium affect the drug behavior in the MXD-NPs-applied mice. The steam towel, ethanol, l-menthol and CA-carpronium were pre-treated 3 min before MXD-NPs application, and the MXD content in the hair bulge, bulb, skin tissue and blood of mice were measured 4 h after MXD-NPs application. No significant difference of MXD levels in the blood was observed by the pre-treatment of steam towel, ethanol, l-menthol and CA-carpronium. On the other hand, the pre-treatment of steam towel and l-menthol enhanced the MXD levels in hair bulge and/or bulb. Although, the MXD levels in hair bulge and bulb were not changed by the pre-treatment of ethanol, the MXD levels in skin tissue was higher than that of saline-pre-treated group (control). The MXD levels in hair bulge, bulb and skin tissue of mice pre-treated with CA-carpronium were remarkably higher in comparison with control. In conclusion, we showed that the changes in skin environment by the steam towel, ethanol, l-menthol and CA-carpronium affected the absorption of MXD-NPs, and these increased MXD levels in the hair bulb and blood by the combination may enhance the therapeutic efficiency without side effects.

01 Dec 2021·The American Journal of Emergency Medicine

Cholinergic crisis caused by ingesting topical carpronium chloride solution: A case report

Author: Kubota, Yuki ; Kashiura, Masahiro ; Moriya, Takashi ; Amagasa, Shunsuke ; Endo, Takayuki

A cholinergic crisiss is a state characterized by excess acetylcholine owing to the ingestion of cholinesterase inhibitors or cholinergic agonists. We report the first case of a cholinergic crisis after the ingestion of a carpronium chloride solution, a topical solution used to treat alopecia, seborrhea sicca, and vitiligo. An 81-year-old woman with no prior medical history was transported to our emergency department because the patient had disturbance of consciousness after ingesting three bottles of FUROZIN® solution (90 mL, 4500 mg as carpronium chloride). A family member who found the patient called for emergency medical services (EMS) personnel, who contacted the patient ten minutes after ingestion. The patient's Glasgow Coma Scale score was 12 (E4V3M5), and vital signs were as follows: blood pressure, 80/40 mmHg; heart rate, 40 beats/min. The patient vomited repeatedly in the ambulance. On arrival to the ED, the patient's systolic blood pressure and heart rate temporarily decreased to 80 mmHg and 40 beats/min, respectively. Seventy-eight minutes after ingestion, gastric lavage was performed. The patient's symptoms, which included excess salivation, sweating, and hot flush, improved 24 h after ingestion, and the patient's vital signs stabilized without atropine or vasopressors. On the second day of admission, the patient was examined by a psychiatrist and discharged without suicidal ideation. Carpronium chloride has a chemical structure similar to that of acetylcholine; therefore, it exhibits both cholinergic and local vasodilatory activities. There is limited information on the pharmacokinetics of ingested carpronium chloride; therefore, physicians should be made aware that ingesting a carpronium chloride solution may cause a cholinergic crisis.

100 Deals associated with Carpronium Chloride

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01175	Carpronium Chloride	-	-

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Diffuse Alopecia	JP	Nipro Pharma Corp.	18 Apr 1968

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