Docetaxel polymeric micelle

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a DNA recognizing receptor expressed also in several cancers. Decreased TLR9 expression is associated with poor prognosis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the role of TLR9 in breast cancer pathophysiology is currently unclear. Regulation of TLR9 expression in breast cancer is poorly understood. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections suppress TLR9 expression in cervical cancers but the association between HPV and breast cancer has remained controversial. The aim of this study was to test if HPV16 can suppress TLR9 expression in breast cancer cells and affect cell behavior.

Human T-47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were transduced with lentivirus encoding HPV16 E6 oncoprotein. The effects of E6 on TLR9 mRNA and protein expression, and cell proliferation, migration, invasion and sensitivity to chemotherapy were studied in vitro. Breast cancer tissue samples (n = 37) were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA. E6 expression decreased TLR9 mRNA expression in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D cells in hypoxia. E6 expression altered breast cancer cell proliferation and made cells significantly less sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutic agents. HPV L1 gene was not detected in a small pilot cohort of clinical breast cancer specimens.

HPV16 may influence breast cancer cell TLR9 transcription and chemotherapy responses and could thereby affect breast cancer prognosis. These results suggest that HPV may have a previously unrecognized role in breast cancer pathophysiology and warrant further studies on the topic.

As a leading prevalent malignancy, breast cancer remains a significant worldwide health issue. Recent research indicates that neutrophils play a crucial role in breast cancer development. The prognostic significance of neutrophil-related genes (NRGs) or the immune landscape of the neutrophil-related signature in invasive breast cancer (IBC) is, nevertheless, unknown. To uncover innovative therapy alternatives, the significance of the neutrophil-related signatures in IBC was evaluated here. Briefly, a prediction model based on neutrophil-related core prognostic genes and The Cancer Genome Atlas data was created (TCGA). The model may assess IBC patients' prognosis. The IBC data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) confirmed the prognostic accuracy of the model. The overall survival (OS) of patients was worse in the group with a high NRGs score compared to the group with a low NRGs score. In addition, patients with low NRGs scores were considerably more sensitive to vinorelbine, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, and cisplatin. Patients with low NRGs scores responded better to CTLA-4 and PD-1 treatments. Additionally, the immune microenvironment components were more abundant in patients with low NRGs scores. Moreover, qRT-PCR results confirmed that LEF1 had a higher expression level in tumor samples compared to normal samples, whereas NRG1 and STX11 exhibited lower expression levels in tumor samples than in normal samples. These results suggest that NRGs might be utilized as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of individuals with IBC, thereby paving the way for the creation of customized therapies for IBC.