Article
Author: Inderberg, Else Marit ; Graczyk-Jarzynka, Agnieszka ; Granica, Monika ; Majchrzak, Martyna ; Domagala, Joanna ; Dostalova, Lenka ; Firczuk, Malgorzata ; Forcados, Christopher ; Marhelava, Katsiaryna ; Poreba, Marcin ; Barankiewicz, Joanna ; Zhylko, Andriy ; Gehlert, Carina Lynn ; Kusowska, Aleksandra ; Fidyt, Klaudyna ; Krawczyk, Marta ; Peipp, Matthias ; Bobrowicz, Malgorzata ; Szumera-Cieckiewicz, Anna ; Baranowska, Iwona ; Winiarska, Magdalena ; Šmída, Michal ; Wälchli, Sébastien ; Slusarczyk, Aleksander ; Prochorec-Sobieszek, Monika ; Pepek, Monika ; Kubacz, Matylda
Rituximab (RTX) plus chemotherapy (R-CHOP) applied as a first-line therapy for lymphoma leads to a relapse in approximately 40% of the patients. Therefore, novel approaches to treat aggressive lymphomas are being intensively investigated. Several RTX-resistant (RR) cell lines have been established as surrogate models to study resistance to R-CHOP. Our study reveals that RR cells are characterized by a major downregulation of CD37, a molecule currently explored as a target for immunotherapy. Using CD20 knockout (KO) cell lines, we demonstrate that CD20 and CD37 form a complex, and hypothesize that the presence of CD20 stabilizes CD37 in the cell membrane. Consequently, we observe a diminished cytotoxicity of anti-CD37 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in complement-dependent cytotoxicity in both RR and CD20 KO cells that can be partially restored upon lysosome inhibition. On the other hand, the internalization rate of anti-CD37 mAb in CD20 KO cells is increased when compared to controls, suggesting unhampered efficacy of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Importantly, even a major downregulation in CD37 levels does not hamper the efficacy of CD37-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In summary, we present here a novel mechanism of CD37 regulation with further implications for the use of anti-CD37 immunotherapies.