Terminalia chebula (TC) is an Ayurvedic herb containing polyphenolic compounds that interact with gut microbiota to modulate bioactivity.To examine how TC supplementation modulates the gut microbiome and associated metabolic pathways, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study that screened 58 and enrolled 43 females aged 25-55 with a BMI of 25-35 kg/m2 and HbA1C between 5.5-7.Subjects were randomized to standardized preparation of TC (250 mg, Synastol TC) capsules or oral placebo twice daily for 8 wk.Stool sample collections and venipuncture were performed.A-diversity of the gut microbiome increased in the TC group at week 8 vs. placebo (p < 0.05).Akkermansia muciniphila, Alistipes_putredinis, Bacteroides_u_s, Ruminococcaceae_u_s, Waltera_intestinalis, Lachnospira_eligens, Parabacteroides phage YZ-2015b and Uncultured_crAssphage increased at week 8 vs. baseline following TC supplementation.Circulating acetic acid (p < 0.05), propionic acid (p < 0.01), and butyric acid (p = 0.12) increased at week 8 in the TC group vs. placebo.Chenodeoxycholate and tauro-beta-muricholate increased following TC supplementation (p < 0.05).TC supplementation increases beneficial gut bacteria, phages, and circulating SCFAs, which may modulate bile acid synthesis.Future studies on how TC extract supplementation influences the metabolome in an expanded population are warranted.