Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center of Boston, Inc.

This study will utilize 3D mapping as a tool to explore electro-anatomical and electrocardiographic characteristics of the Left Bundle Branch Area. We plan on prospectively reviewing the data found from 3D mapping the left bundle branch implantation cases and using the data to improve understanding of electro-anatomical characteristics of this area for a better definition of the implantation target and depth.

IV placement is necessary for surgical procedures. Unfortunately, some patients say that placing an IV is painful. The investigators are conducting this study to evaluate two techniques that could make the placement of the IV more comfortable.

The investigators are conducting a study to compare the effectiveness of the Buzzy® device with that of no pain relief method for IV placement in adults with chronic pain receiving lidocaine infusions.