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AbstractAmber first became relatively abundant and widespread in the geological record during the Cretaceous period. It originated often as copious resin production by a variety of incompletely understood coniferous trees, generally under humid climates, but not excluding seasonal aridity. Study of insect and other organic inclusions only commenced in the twentieth century, but has expanded considerably since then, with several thousand taxa now described. Cretaceous amber insects can be exquisitely preserved in three dimensions, although tend to be biased towards smaller individuals that lived in the local forest environment. They are therefore complemented by the Cretaceous rock record, which sampled larger insects and other habitats. As well as the fine morphological detail exhibited by the amber insect inclusions, various behaviours and interactions unlikely to be otherwise preserved can be found frozen in time, such as brooding behaviour and the entrapment of insects in spiders’ webs. Insects in amber also provide important information about evolutionary changes over the course of the Cretaceous, including the rise of eusociality and angiosperm pollination.

31 Dec 2024·Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects

Mechanism analysis of injection technique of water composition modification for enhanced oil recovery

Author: Wang, Xiujun ; Wang, Chengsheng ; Chen, Bin ; Liu, Guanjun ; Yi, Fei ; Zhang, Ning ; Wu, Xiaoyan ; Su, Yanhui ; Zhao, Lin

By adjusting the composition of injection water, including ionic type and strength, the goal of enhance oil recovery rate can be achieved.However, there is no clear understanding of which factor, ionic type or strength, has a greater impact.In this paper, based on the formation water of the offshore G oilfield, various brines with different ionic strengths and types were preparedBy measuring the zeta potential of rock powder and oil droplets, three-phase contact angle, interfacial tension between oil and water, emulsification properties of brines, and film strength of oil-water interface, the variation rules of the core wettability and emulsification performance of brine were systematically analyzed when the ionic strength and ionic type were changed.The exptl. results showed that ionic strength has a greater impact than that of ionic type.For the oil-water-solid (rock) system of the G oilfield, an ionic strength of 82 mM/kg is the threshold for low salinity effect.Reducing ionic strength resulted in an increase in the hydrophilicity of rock and the ability of water flooding to emulsify oil droplets, which contribute to the improvement of oil displacement efficiency.Theor., water flooding to enhance oil recovery can be achieved by only reducing the ionic strength.This understanding was verified by dual polarization interferometry (DPI) experiments and low-field NMR experiments, which showed that reducing the salinity of the injection water from 42,000 mg/L (ionic strength of 820 mM/kg) to 4200 mg/L (ionic strength of 82 mM/kg) enhanced the oil recovery by 7.9%.

31 Dec 2024·Emerging Microbes & Infections

The African swine fever virus MGF300-4L protein is associated with viral pathogenicity by promoting the autophagic degradation of IKK β and increasing the stability of I κ B α

Article

Author: Wang, Tao ; Zhang, Jing ; Qiu, Hua-Ji ; Luo, Rui ; Li, Lian-Feng ; Lan, Jing ; Zhai, Huanjie ; Lu, Zhanhao ; Sun, Yuan

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious, often fatal viral disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which imposes a substantial economic burden on the global pig industry. When screening for the virus replication-regulating genes in the left variable region of the ASFV genome, we observed a notable reduction in ASFV replication following the deletion of the MGF300-4L gene. However, the role of MGF300-4L in ASFV infection remains unexplored. In this study, we found that MGF300-4L could effectively inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, which are regulated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MGF300-4L interacts with IKKβ and promotes its lysosomal degradation via the chaperone-mediated autophagy. Meanwhile, the interaction between MGF300-4L and IκBα competitively inhibits the binding of the E3 ligase β-TrCP to IκBα, thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of IκBα. Remarkably, although ASFV encodes other inhibitors of NF-κB, the MGF300-4L gene-deleted ASFV (Del4L) showed reduced virulence in pigs, indicating that MGF300-4L plays a critical role in ASFV pathogenicity. Importantly, the attenuation of Del4L was associated with a significant increase in the production of IL-1β and TNF-α early in the infection of pigs. Our findings provide insights into the functions of MGF300-4L in ASFV pathogenicity, suggesting that MGF300-4L could be a promising target for developing novel strategies and live attenuated vaccines against ASF.

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Pipeline

Pipeline Snapshot as of 25 Dec 2024

The statistics for drugs in the Pipeline is the current organization and its subsidiaries are counted as organizations,Early Phase 1 is incorporated into Phase 1, Phase 1/2 is incorporated into phase 2, and phase 2/3 is incorporated into phase 3

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