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Nowadays, innovative biodegradable packaging based on pH-sensitive natural dyes is being developed. These smart systems quickly inform the food quality to the consumer and monitor fresh foods in real-time. Smart packaging protects food against ambiance risks and simultaneously sends information to users for variations and alterations in the packaging settings. Anthocyanin (ACY), among the natural dyes used as indicators serves as water-soluble flavonoid pigments which made reflection in light in the red-blue range and can detect chemical and microbial alterations in foods based on their pH-susceptible conditions; on the other hand, they have considerable antimicrobial and antioxidant functions that result in the longer shelf life of food products. They also have beneficial properties including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory functions, avoidance of heart diseases, overweight, and diabetes. Hence, this paper deals with the characteristics of smart packaging films based on anthocyanins, as well as their application in various food industries.

02 Oct 2024·Food Reviews International

Pepsin: An Excellent Proteolytic Enzyme for the Production of Bioactive Peptides

Author: Pourjafar, Hadi ; Lee, Chi Ching ; Tarhan, Ozgur ; Jafari, Seid Mahdi ; Ashaolu, Joseph Opeolu ; Ashaolu, Tolulope Joshua

01 Sep 2024·Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light irradiation by magnetic diesel tank sludge (MDTS)

Author: Rastgar, Saeedeh ; Kordrostami, Ali ; Younesi, Habibollah ; Abyar, Hajar ; Rezaei, Hassan

The heavy sludge formation in diesel tanks is one of the major issues in oil companies and petrochems.The accumulated sludge induces clogging of suction, vents pipes, and decreases fuel quality and tank capacity.Hence, in the present study, the utilization of magnetic diesel tank sludge (MDTS) as a photocatalyst for methylene blue (MB) removal was investigated for the first time.The MDTS was characterized using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The effects of various operational parameters including pH, MDTS dose, MB concentration, and exposure time of UVC_14w on the MB removal were considered using the response surface methodol. (RSM).The maximum removal of MB was 83% under optimal conditions of pH 5, MDTS dose of 100 mg/L, UVC_14W irradiation time of 240 min, and MB concentration of 80 mg/L.Moreover, the MB removal process was endothermic and followed the Langmuir isotherm (R² = 0.9634) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (R² = 0.9953).The increase of ΔG° was endothermic and spontaneous.The pos. value of ΔH° (224.029 KJ.mol^-1) implied that the removal process is endothermic.The neg. value of ΔS° (- 703.763 KJ.mol^-1K^-1) reflected the increased randomness during the removal process.It is interesting to mention that the MDTS contains 40% carbon and 64% Fe₃O₄, as an ideal precursor for magnetic photocatalyst synthesis.The results of this study can open a window toward a green environment.

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