Author: Abolhassani, Hassan ; Mohtashami, Maryam ; Esfahani, Zahra Hamidi ; Saeedi-Boroujeni, Ali ; Rezaei, Nima ; Salehi, Helia ; Amiri, Mahboube ; Fekrvand, Saba ; Fathi, Nazanin ; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir ; Ahangarzadeh, Milad ; Azizi, Gholamreza ; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh ; Razavi, Azadehsadat ; Yazdani, Reza ; Fard, Najmeh Nameh Goshay ; Saleki, Kiarash ; Heidari, Arash ; Hassanpour, Gholamreza

BACKGROUNDPatients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are susceptible to developing cancer due to defects in the immune system. The prevalence of cancer is higher in IEI patients compared to the immunocompetent population and cancers are considered as an important and common cause of death in IEI patients.OBJECTIVESTo systematically review demographic, genetic and cancer-related data of IEI patients with a history of malignancy. Moreover, we performed a meta-analysis aiming to determine the frequency of cancer in patients with different types of IEI.METHODSWe conducted electronic searches on Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus (until September 2023) introducing terms related to IEI and cancer. Studies with human subjects with confirmed IEI who had developed at least one malignancy during their lifetime were included.RESULTSA total number of 4607 IEI patients with a cancer history were included in the present study. Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) had the highest number of reported cases (1284 cases), mainly due to a higher relative proportion of patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies (PAD) and their increased life expectancy contributing to the higher detection and reporting of cancers among these patients. The most common malignancy was hematologic/blood cancers (3026 cases, mainly diffuse large B cell lymphoma). A total number of 1173 cases (55.6%) succumbed to cancer, with the highest rate of bone marrow failure (64.9%). Among the patients with monogenic defects in IEI-associated genes, the majority of cases had ATM deficiency (926 cases), but the highest cancer frequency rate belonged to NBS1 deficiency (50.5%). 1928 cases out of total 4607 eligible cases had detailed data to allow further statistical analysis that revealed BRCA2 deficiency had the earliest cancer development (~ 38 months), lowest cure frequency, and highest fatality rate (85%), while ATM deficiency had the lowest cure frequency and highest fatality rate (72%) among total cases reviewed with exclusion of Fanconi anemia.CONCLUSIONThe overall reported cancer frequency in the cases reviewed with and without exclusion of Fanconi anemia was 11.1% (95% confidence interval: 9.8-12.5%) and 12.0% (95% confidence interval: 10.6-13.5%), respectively. Our study revealed that the incidence of cancer is significantly dependent on the molecular and pathway defects in IEI patients, and individualized early screening and appropriate treatment, might improve the prognosis of these patients.

01 Mar 2025·Current Women s Health Reviews

Investigating the Effectiveness of Mindfulness Education on the Happiness of Women with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Using Social Media: An Educational Study

Author: Zmanian, Maryam ; Hojjati Najafabadi, Sara ; Ghaemmaghami, Mehrnoush ; Vakilian, Katayon ; Beigi, Marjan

Aim:Numerous studies have investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation education on the improvement of physical and mental conditions in women. However, there is limited information about the effects of mindfulness counseling on happiness.Background:Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) causes not only physical problems in women but also mental problems, such as reduced levels of happiness.Objectives:This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the mindfulness meditation approach on the happiness of women with underlying premenstrual syndrome (PMS).Methods:The sample size was estimated by power of 90%, confidence interval of 95%, δ1= 6.07and δ2 = 5.11, μ1= 23.05,μ2=19.01, Z1- β= 1.28, Z1- α/2 =1.96 and α = 0.05, the total number of the subjects was 112 respondents (56 in intervention and 56 in the control groups). One hundred twelve participants who had PMS in one interventional-educational study were randomly selected from the health centers in Isfahan. The samples were divided into two groups: intervention and control groups. The intervention group received eight 60-minute sessions of mindfulness education using Google Meet. They taught meditation in a sitting position for 1-10 minutes by using sounds and thoughts as the center of attention, applying the attention technique with a focus on body movements while breathing, and doing yoga and relaxing the muscles to relieve stress. The control group received no intervention. The data were collected using the demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire three times (before, immediately, and one month after the intervention). SPSS 23, chi-square, independent t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA were used to analyze the data.Results:There was a significant increase in the mean score of happiness in the intervention group immediately and one month after the intervention (P=0.0001).Conclusion:It was found that mindfulness education was effective on the level of happiness in women with PMS; therefore, this intervention can be used to improve the level of happiness in women with PMS.

01 Feb 2025·Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

Machine learning for predicting poor outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis involving 8445 participants

Review

Author: Mousavinejad, Seyed Ali ; Mohammadzadeh, Ibrahim ; Mohammadzadeh, Shahin ; Nouri, Zahra ; Niroomand, Behnaz ; Ghanbarnia, Ramin ; Keshtkar, Abbasali ; Shahnazian, Zahra ; Keshavarzi, Arya ; Najafi, Masoud ; Choubineh, Tannaz ; Tajerian, Amin ; Soltani, Reza

Early prediction of poor outcomes in patients impacted with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is crucial for timely intervention and effective management. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) algorithms in predicting poor outcomes in patients with aSAH, assessing their sensitivity, specificity, and other algorithm metrics. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of science and Cochrane library conducted to identify eligible studies. We extracted data on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, precision, F1score and area under the curve (AUC) from the included studies. Out of 2238 studies screened, 12 met our eligibility criteria involving ML approaches in patients with confirmed aSAH. ML algorithms, particularly XGBoost and CatBoost, offer promising performance for predicting poor outcomes in aSAH patients. Meta-analysis was performed on 12 studies resulted in a pooled sensitivity of 0.88 [95 % CI: 0.76-0.94], specificity of 0.78 [95 % CI 0.66-0.86], positive DLR of 3.91 [95 % CI: 2.42-6.30], negative DLR of 0.16 [95 % CI: 0.07-0.34], diagnostic odds ratio of 24.9 [95 % CI: 7.97-77.82], the diagnostic score of 3.21[95 % CI: 2.08-4.35], and the area AUC was 0.82, indicating substantial diagnostic performance. However, conventional LR showed slightly superior predictive function compared to ML algorithms. These findings underscore the potential of ML algorithms to significantly advance the predictability of poor outcomes in patients with aSAH, suggesting that ML can play a critical role in enhancing clinical decision-making.

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